Cellular and molecular biology of Neisseria meningitidis colonization and invasive disease.
Cellular and molecular biology of Neisseria meningitidis colonization and invasive disease.
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DOI：
10.1042/cs20090513
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发表时间：
2010-02-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Virji M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hill DJ;Griffiths NJ;Borodina E;Virji M
人类是脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌的唯一自然宿主，脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌是全球细菌性脑膜炎的一个重要原因，尽管它与毁灭性疾病有关，但脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌是一种重要的病原体。脑膜炎是一种常见于健康人呼吸道的肠道微生物。迄今为止，抗生素耐药性是相对罕见的N。脑膜炎分离株，但由于疾病在易感宿主中迅速发病，死亡率仍约为10%。百分之十此外，脑膜炎球菌病幸存的患者通常会遭受许多使人衰弱的后遗症。N.脑膜炎菌株主要根据所表达的多糖荚膜类型分为血清组。总共描述了13个血清群;然而，大多数疾病是由属于仅五个血清群之一的菌株引起的。尽管已经针对其中一些开发了疫苗，但由于生物体的成功免疫逃避策略，包括宿主结构的模仿以及频繁的抗原变异，通用脑膜炎球菌疫苗仍然是一个挑战。N.脑膜炎表达一系列毒力因子，包括荚膜多糖、脂多糖和许多表面表达的粘附蛋白。这些表面结构的变化是脑膜炎球菌逃避宿主防御机制杀死所必需的。尽管如此，需要维持对宿主细胞和组织的粘附，以实现定殖并确保细菌在生态位中存活。本次审查的目的是提供一个简要概述脑膜炎球菌的携带，疾病和社会负担。在此背景下，我们讨论了几种细菌的策略，可能使其在人类呼吸道中的生存过程中的殖民和感染过程中的血液。我们还研究了几个已知的脑膜炎球菌粘附机制，并得出结论，在体内脑膜炎球菌的进展，从呼吸道小生境通过血液到达中枢神经系统的潜在过程的一节。
The human species is the only natural host of Neisseria meningitidis, an important cause of bacterial meningitis globally, and, despite its association with devastating diseases, N. meningitidis is a commensal organism found frequently in the respiratory tract of healthy individuals. To date, antibiotic resistance is relatively uncommon in N. meningitidis isolates but, due to the rapid onset of disease in susceptible hosts, the mortality rate remains approx. 10%. Additionally, patients who survive meningococcal disease often endure numerous debilitating sequelae. N. meningitidis strains are classified primarily into serogroups based on the type of polysaccharide capsule expressed. In total, 13 serogroups have been described; however, the majority of disease is caused by strains belonging to one of only five serogroups. Although vaccines have been developed against some of these, a universal meningococcal vaccine remains a challenge due to successful immune evasion strategies of the organism, including mimicry of host structures as well as frequent antigenic variation. N. meningitidis express a range of virulence factors including capsular polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide and a number of surface-expressed adhesive proteins. Variation of these surface structures is necessary for meningococci to evade killing by host defence mechanisms. Nonetheless, adhesion to host cells and tissues needs to be maintained to enable colonization and ensure bacterial survival in the niche. The aims of the present review are to provide a brief outline of meningococcal carriage, disease and burden to society. With this background, we discuss several bacterial strategies that may enable its survival in the human respiratory tract during colonization and in the blood during infection. We also examine several known meningococcal adhesion mechanisms and conclude with a section on the potential processes that may operate in vivo as meningococci progress from the respiratory niche through the blood to reach the central nervous system.