Systematic morphology and evolutionary anatomy of the autonomic cardiac nervous system in the lesser apes, gibbons (Hylobatidae)
Systematic morphology and evolutionary anatomy of the autonomic cardiac nervous system in the lesser apes, gibbons (Hylobatidae)
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DOI：
10.1002/ar.20700
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发表时间：
2008-08-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Whatton, James F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kawashima, Tomokazu;Thorington, Richard W., Jr.;Whatton, James F.
本文对长臂猿科三属10种长臂猿20侧的心脏自主神经系统（ACNS）进行了形态学观察，并推测了灵长类ACNS的解剖演化。我们报告如下。(1)长臂猿的ACNS在种内和种间存在着一些微小的变异，但其总体排列是一致的。(2)虽然副交感迷走神经心脏神经系统是非常一致的，心脏交感神经系统，如交感神经节的组成和心脏交感神经的起源范围，表现出地形的灵长类动物之间的差异。(3)椎神经节，很少观察到在旧大陆猴（猕猴科），是一贯存在于长臂猿以及在人类。(4)有较少的胸神经节有助于颈胸神经节在人类比长臂猿和长臂猿比旧世界的猴子。(5)起源于上级颈神经节的上级心神经在旧大陆猴中很少观察到，但在人类中常见，存在于20侧中的13侧（65%），主要在左侧。因此，ACNS形态表现出灵长类谱系内的进化变化。旧大陆的猴子、长臂猿和人类之间的这些进化差异，最简单的解释是，从它们的共同祖先到我们解剖的现存物种，谱系发生了规律性的变化。它们包括减少胸神经节的数目，有助于颈胸神经节和心神经起源的范围扩大。
We examined the morphology of the autonomic cardiac nervous system (ACNS) on 20 sides of 10 gibbons (Hylobatidae) of three genera, and we have inferred the evolution of the anatomy of the primate ACNS. We report the following. (1) Several trivial intraspecific and interspecific variations are present in gibbons, but the general arrangement of the ACNS in gibbons is consistent. (2) Although the parasympathetic vagal cardiac nervous system is extremely consistent, the sympathetic cardiac nervous system, such as the composition of the sympathetic ganglia and the range of origin of the sympathetic cardiac nerves, exhibit topographical differences among primates. (3) The vertebral ganglion, seldom observed in the Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae), was consistently present in gibbons as well as in humans. (4) There are fewer thoracic ganglia contributing to the cervicothoracic ganglion in humans than in gibbons and in gibbons than in Old World monkeys. (5) The superior cardiac nerve originating from the superior cervical ganglion, rarely observed in Old World monkeys but commonly observed in humans, was present in 13 of 20 sides (65%), mostly on the left. Accordingly, the ACNS morphology exhibits evolutionary changes within the primate lineage. These evolutionary differences between Old World monkeys, gibbons, and humans are most parsimoniously interpreted as resulting from regular changes in the lineages leading from their common ancestor to the extant species that we dissected. They include the reduction in the number of thoracic ganglia contributing to the cervicothoracic ganglion and the expansion of the range of the cardiac nervous origin.