Roads as sources of heavy metals in urban areas. The Coves catchment experiment, Coimbra, Portugal
Roads as sources of heavy metals in urban areas. The Coves catchment experiment, Coimbra, Portugal
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DOI：
10.1007/s11368-016-1492-4
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Ferreira, Carla S. S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ferreira, Antonio J. D.;Soares, Daniel;Ferreira, Carla S. S.
这项工作研究了不同的交通模式对重金属和固体污染产生过程的影响后降雨事件与不同的气象条件，在城郊集水区。其目的是提供关于污染过程及其对城市地区的潜在环境影响的资料。七个运动进行了覆盖冬季，春季和夏季条件下，降雨事件具有不同的先决条件。对四种类型的道路进行了监测：低流量、平均流量、要求驾驶情况的高流量（刹车和转弯）和高车速的高流量（高速公路剖面）。在事件的开始、中期和结束时采集样本，以测量事件内浓度的变化。使用分析标准程序量化pH值、电导率、浊度、总固体、挥发性固体、悬浮固体、挥发性悬浮固体和重金属（Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn）的总和溶解形式（以推断颗粒分数），即铜、锌、镉和铅。收集到的数据显示，车辆的数量和/或车辆的驾驶动作与收集到的冲上岸流中存在的固体和重金属的数量之间存在直接关系。很大一部分重金属以颗粒形式被冲走，这代表了一个日益严重的问题，因为道路上的水流直接流向绿色/棕色地区和当地的水生生态系统。记录的最大铜值超过0.6 mg - L-1，锌超过5 mg - L-1，铅0.1 mg - L-1，镉0.01 mg - L-1。在长时间的干旱期后，数值较高，在整个降雨事件中浓度降低。重金属（与锌和铅相关）的重要部分以颗粒形式被冲走，污染物通常与交通量有关，特别是与驾驶手法的存在有关。由于长期干旱期间污染物的积累，夏季事件显示出最高的值。
This work studies the implications of different traffic patterns for heavy metal and solid pollution generation processes following rainfall events with contrasting antecedent meteorological conditions, at a periurban catchment. The aim is to provide information on the pollution processes and their potential environmental impacts for urban areas.Seven campaigns were performed covering winter, spring, and summer conditions, for rainfall events with different antecedent conditions. Four types of roads were monitored: low traffic, average traffic, heavy traffic with demanding driving situations (break and turning), and heavy traffic with high vehicle speed (motorway profile). Samples were taken at the beginning, middle and end of the events to measure within event variation in concentration. Analytical standard procedures were used to quantify pH, conductivity, turbidity, total solids, volatile solids, suspended solids, volatile suspended solids and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in the total and dissolved forms (as to infer the particulate fraction), namely copper, zinc, cadmium and lead.The collected data show a direct relation among the number of vehicles and/or the driving manoeuvres performed by them and the amount of solids and heavy metals present in the wash out overland flow collected. An important fraction of the heavy metals is washed off in the particulate form, which represents an increased problem since the road overland flow is directed to green/brown areas and for the local aquatic ecosystems. Maximum copper values recorded exceed 0.6 mh L-1, zinc exceeds 5 mg L-1, lead 0.1 mg L-1 and cadmium 0.01 mg L-1. Values are higher after long dry spells and reduce concentration throughout the rainfall events.An important part of the heavy metals (with relevance for zinc and lead) are washed off in the particulate form, pollutants are typically related to the amount of traffic, and especially to the existence of driving manoeuvres. The summer events show the highest values, due to the accumulation of pollutants during the long dry spells.