Molecular machineries and physiological relevance of ER-mediated membrane contacts.
Molecular machineries and physiological relevance of ER-mediated membrane contacts.
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内质网介导的膜接触的分子机制和生理相关性。
作者：
Lin S;Meng T;Huang H;Zhuang H;He Z;Yang H;Feng D
膜接触位点（MCSs）被定义为两个细胞器紧密靠近的区域，大多数MCSs通过蛋白质-蛋白质或蛋白质-脂质相互作用相互关联。一些关键的分子机械系统参与介导物质交换和信号转导，这两个过程在细胞生理学和病理生理学方面都是必不可少的。内质网（endoplasmic reticulum， ER）是细胞内最大的网状网络，与其他细胞器（包括质膜（PM）、线粒体、高尔基体、核内体和脂滴（LDs））有广泛的联系。它们之间的接触和反应主要是由各种蛋白系链和脂质介导的。离子、脂质甚至蛋白质可以在内质网和邻近的细胞器之间运输或被招募到接触部位发挥作用。本文就不同接触位点形成的关键分子及其生物学功能作一综述。
Membrane contact sites (MCSs) are defined as regions where two organelles are closely apposed, and most MCSs associated with each other via protein-protein or protein-lipid interactions. A number of key molecular machinery systems participate in mediating substance exchange and signal transduction, both of which are essential processes in terms of cellular physiology and pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest reticulum network within the cell and has extensive communication with other cellular organelles, including the plasma membrane (PM), mitochondria, Golgi, endosomes and lipid droplets (LDs). The contacts and reactions between them are largely mediated by various protein tethers and lipids. Ions, lipids and even proteins can be transported between the ER and neighboring organelles or recruited to the contact site to exert their functions. This review focuses on the key molecules involved in the formation of different contact sites as well as their biological functions.