Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep
Characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver having fallen asleep
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DOI：
10.1016/0001-4575(95)00034-8
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发表时间：
1995-12-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Schwab, CW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pack, AI;Pack, AM;Schwab, CW
虽然一段时间以来人们都知道驾驶员在开车时睡着会导致撞车事故，但这个问题在交通安全计划中受到的关注比酒精或车辆速度的作用要少。本研究的目的是调查由于驾驶员睡着而导致的撞车事故的特征。这项研究利用了北卡罗来纳州大学高速公路安全研究中心的数据库，该数据库基于该州统一的碰撞报告系统。在1990年至1992年期间，有4333起撞车事故中，司机被判定为睡着了，但没有喝醉。这些事故主要是偏离道路的类型（占总数的78%），并且发生在更高的速度（62%超过50英里/小时）。死亡率与酒精相关事故的死亡率相似，死亡率为1.4%（酒精事故死亡率为2.1%）。这些崩溃主要发生在一天中的两个时间段--在夜间嗜睡增加的时间段（午夜到早上7点）。以及在下午三点左右嗜睡增加的“午睡”时间（下午3点）。这些崩溃主要发生在年轻人中。其中55%发生在25岁或以下的个体中，发病高峰年龄为20岁。除了警察认为是司机睡着了造成的事故外，困倦也可能在事故中发挥作用。确定这一作用的大小是交通安全界面临的一个挑战。
While it has been known for some time that crashes can result from the driver falling asleep at the wheel this issue has received less attention in traffic safety programs than the role of alcohol or speed of the vehicle. The present study was done to investigate the characteristics of crashes attributed to the driver being asleep. The study utilized the database at the Highway Safety Research Center at the University of North Carolina that is based on the uniform crash reporting system in that state. Over the years 1990-1992, inclusive, there were 4333 crashes in which the driver was judged to be asleep but not intoxicated. The crashes were primarily of the drive-off-the-road type (78% of the total) and took place at higher speeds (62% in excess of 50 mph). The fatality rate was of similar magnitude to that in alcohol-related crashes with fatalities in 1.4% of such crashes (alcohol crashes had fatalities in 2.1%). The crashes occurred primarily at two times of day-during the nighttime period of increased sleepiness (midnight to 7.00 a.m.) and during the mid-afternoon ''siesta'' time of increased sleepiness (3.00 p.m.). These crashes occurred predominately in young people. Fifty-five percent of these were in individuals 25 years of age or younger, with a peak age of occurrence at age 20 years. Sleepiness may play a role in crashes other than those attributed by the police to the driver being asleep. Determining the magnitude of this role is a challenge to the traffic safety community.