Reversal learning deficits in criminal offenders: Effects of psychopathy, substance use, and childhood maltreatment history.
Reversal learning deficits in criminal offenders: Effects of psychopathy, substance use, and childhood maltreatment history.
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DOI：
10.1007/s10862-016-9574-6
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发表时间：
2017-06
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Koenigs M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dargis M;Wolf RC;Koenigs M
强化学习的缺陷被认为是精神变态罪犯表现出的冲动和不可救药行为的基础。然而，先前记录精神病患者反转学习障碍的研究并没有在精神病严重程度的连续范围内调查这种关系，也没有研究反转学习障碍与不同精神病特征（如人际关系-情感和生活方式-反社会维度）之间的关系。此外，以前的研究没有考虑到儿童虐待和药物使用可能在这种特定的认知缺陷中所起的作用。通过对114名在押男性罪犯的标准反向学习任务，我们证明了精神病严重程度与反向学习错误之间的显著关系。此外，我们显示了精神病和儿童虐待之间的显著相互作用，而不是物质使用，因此，具有广泛虐待史的高精神病个体犯下了最多的反转学习错误。这些发现扩展了目前对精神病患者逆转学习表现的理解，并强调了在研究精神病时考虑儿童虐待的重要性。
Deficits in reinforcement learning are presumed to underlie the impulsive and incorrigible behavior exhibited by psychopathic criminals. However, previous studies documenting reversal learning impairments in psychopathic individuals have not investigated this relationship across a continuous range of psychopathy severity, nor have they examined how reversal learning impairments relate to different psychopathic traits, such as the interpersonal-affective and lifestyle-antisocial dimensions. Furthermore, previous studies have not considered the role that childhood maltreatment and substance use may have in this specific cognitive deficit. Using a standard reversal learning task in a sample of N = 114 incarcerated male offenders, we demonstrate a significant relationship between psychopathy severity and reversal learning errors. Furthermore, we show a significant interaction between psychopathy and childhood maltreatment, but not substance use, such that individuals high in psychopathy with an extensive history of maltreatment committed the greatest number of reversal learning errors. These findings extend the current understanding of reversal learning performance among psychopathic individuals, and highlight the importance of considering childhood maltreatment when studying psychopathy.