Seven Years of Implementing UNESCO’s 2003 Intangible Heritage Convention—Honeymoon Period or the “Seven-Year Itch”?
Seven Years of Implementing UNESCO’s 2003 Intangible Heritage Convention—Honeymoon Period or the “Seven-Year Itch”?
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联合国教科文组织2003年非物质遗产公约实施七年——蜜月期还是“七年之痒”？
DOI：
10.1017/s0940739114000113
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
0.7
通讯作者：
J. Blake
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Blake
摘要：本文旨在考察在过去七年中，我们实施教科文组织《非物质遗产公约》的经验在多大程度上改变了我们对非物质文化遗产及其保护的理解。当然，到目前为止，既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响，也有意想不到的和迄今未知的结果。《公约》开创了新的局面，采用了新的术语和现有术语的新定义，并要求重新审查国际和国家法律制定和政策制定的一些做法。在国际上审议2003年《公约》的影响时，除其他外，我们需要考虑其对国际决策的影响(包括文化政策、可持续发展议程和土著权利)、国际法其他领域的相关发展(包括人权和环境法)以及各国对待跨越国际边界的共有遗产的方式。在国家层面上，我们应该考虑《公约》如何为确定和保护非物质文化遗产(ICH)创造了一个新的范例，转移了意义的重点，重新定义了非国家行为者相对于国家当局在这一过程中的作用，甚至使国家遗产的概念摆脱了纯粹由国家驱动的概念。需要考虑的重要问题包括《公约》是否导致制定了新的国家政策战略，以(A)促进非物质文化遗产在社会中的作用，(B)将非物质文化遗产纳入规划和发展方案，以及缔约方如何有效地使社区、团体和个人参与上述活动。
Abstract: This article aims to examine how far our experience of implementing UNESCO’s Intangible Heritage Convention, which was adopted in 2003 and entered into force in April 2006, over the last seven years has transformed our understanding of intangible cultural heritage and of its safeguarding. There have been, of course, both positive and negative impacts thus far as well as both unexpected and, thus far, unknown outcomes. The Convention broke new ground, introducing new terminology and new definitions of existing terms and requiring a reexamination of some approaches to international and national law making and policymaking. When considering the impact of the 2003 Convention internationally, we need to look, inter alia, at its impact on international policymaking (including cultural policy, the sustainable development agenda and indigenous rights), related developments in other areas of international law (including human rights and environmental law), and the way in which states treat shared heritage that crosses international frontiers. On the national level, we should consider how the Convention may have contributed to creating a new paradigm for identifying and safeguarding intangible cultural heritage (ICH), shifting the focus of significance, redefining the role of non-state actors vis-à-vis state authorities in this process and, even, moving the idea of national heritage away from a purely state-driven concept. Important questions to consider include whether the Convention has resulted in the development of new national policy strategies for (a) promoting the function of ICH in society and (b) integrating ICH into planning and development programs and how effectively Parties have managed to engage communities, groups, and individuals in the aforementioned activities.