FEAR AND FITNESS - AN EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
FEAR AND FITNESS - AN EVOLUTIONARY ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
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DOI：
10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7
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发表时间：
1994-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
NESSE, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
MARKS, IM;NESSE, RM
本文综述了焦虑能力的进化起源和功能，以及相关的临床和研究问题。正常的焦虑是一种帮助生物体抵御各种威胁的情绪。有一种正常的防御唤醒的一般能力，而正常焦虑的亚型则保护人们免受特定类型的威胁。这些正常亚型在某种程度上对应于各种焦虑障碍的轻度形式。焦虑障碍源于正常防御反应的失调，增加了恐惧障碍（焦虑过少）的可能性。如果有一种药物被发现可以消除所有的防御性焦虑，那么它既可能带来坏处，也可能带来好处。形成焦虑调节机制的因素可以解释，相对于其他因素，人们更容易将焦虑与某些线索联系起来。这些倾向导致人们对蛇等古老危险的过度恐惧，而对汽车等新威胁的恐惧过少。对焦虑的进化起源、功能和机制的理解提出了关于焦虑障碍的新问题。
This article reviews the evolutionary origins and functions of the capacity for anxiety, and relevant clinical and research issues. Normal anxiety is an emotion that helps organisms defend against a wide variety of threats. There is a general capacity for normal defensive arousal, and subtypes of normal anxiety protect against particular kinds of threats. These normal subtypes correspond somewhat to mild forms of various anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders arise from dysregulation of normal defensive responses, raising the possibility of a hypophobic disorder (too little anxiety). If a drug were discovered that abolished all defensive anxiety, it could do harm as well as good. Factors that have shaped anxiety-regulation mechanisms can explain prepotent and prepared tendencies to associate anxiety more quickly with certain cues than with others. These tendencies lead to excess fear of largely archaic dangers, like snakes, and too little fear of new threats, like cars. An understanding of the evolutionary origins, functions, and mechanisms of anxiety suggests new questions about anxiety disorders.