Older and younger adults' strategy choices in multiplication: Testing predictions of ASCM using the choice/no-choice method
Older and younger adults' strategy choices in multiplication: Testing predictions of ASCM using the choice/no-choice method
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DOI：
10.1037/0096-3445.126.1.71
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Lemaire, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Siegler, RS;Lemaire, P
选择/无选择方法提供了一种获得策略性能特征无偏估计的方法。在研究中的三个实验说明了该方法的有用性测试预测的替代模型的战略选择。实验的重点是20岁和70岁的人选择心算，使用计算器，使用铅笔和纸作为解决多位数乘法问题的策略。正如自适应策略选择模型（ASCM）所预测的那样，（a）策略产生的速度和准确性的差异是对给定问题选择每种策略的频率的最强预测因子;（B）问题的特征产生了额外的独立影响;（c）有选择比没有选择导致更好的表现。这些结果适用于老年人和年轻人。潜在的扩展的选择/无选择的方法和ASCM进行了讨论。
The choice/no-choice method provides a means of obtaining unbiased estimates of the performance characteristics of strategies. The three experiments in the study illustrate the method's usefulness for testing predictions of alternative models of strategy choice. The experiments focused on 20- and 70-year-olds' choices among mental calculation, use of a calculator, and use of pencil and paper as strategies for solving multidigit multiplication problems. As predicted by the Adaptive Strategy Choice Model (ASCM), (a) differences in the speed and accuracy yielded by the strategies were the strongest predictors of the frequency with which each strategy was chosen on a given problem; (b) features of problems exerted an additional independent influence; and (c) having a choice resulted in better performance than not having one. These results held true for both older and younger adults. Potential extensions of the choice/no-choice method and of ASCM are discussed.