Introduction to Optical Tweezers.

Introduction to Optical Tweezers.
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光镊简介

DOI:
10.1007/978-1-4939-6421-5_1
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发表时间:
2016
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Shaevitz J. W.
Shaevitz J. W.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Koch M. D;Shaevitz J. W.

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1986年,贝尔实验室的亚瑟·阿什金和他的同事们发明了光学镊子,30年后,光学镊子(或夹子)已经成为解决许多生物问题的通用工具。简而言之,光阱是一种高度聚焦的激光束,能够对微米大小的介电物体保持和施加力。然而,在过去的几十年里,它们的发展已经将这些工具从精品仪器转变为分子生物物理学的多功能仪器。本导论章旨在简要概述该领域,突出一些重要的科学成就,并说明为什么光学陷阱已成为生物科学中的强大工具。我们介绍了一种典型的光学装置,描述了捕获力如何产生的基本理论概念,并介绍了当今最广泛使用的定量位置和力测量技术。
Thirty years after their invention by Arthur Ashkin and colleagues at Bell Labs in 1986 [1], optical tweezers (or traps) have become a versatile tool to address numerous biological problems. Put simply, an optical trap is a highly focused laser beam that is capable of holding and applying forces to micron-sized dielectric objects. However, their development over the last few decades has converted these tools from boutique instruments into highly versatile instruments of molecular biophysics. This introductory chapter intends to give a brief overview of the field, highlight some important scientific achievements, and demonstrate why optical traps have become a powerful tool in the biological sciences. We introduce a typical optical setup, describe the basic theoretical concepts of how trapping forces arise, and present the quantitative position and force measurement techniques that are most widely used today.
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