Towards a Semantics of Japanese Existential Sentences
Towards a Semantics of Japanese Existential Sentences
复制标题
走向日语存在句的语义学
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Takashi Iida
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Takashi Iida
现代日语有一个名词sonzai，意思是普遍存在。据研究了明治维新后新造词汇的柳福明介绍，这个名词最早是在明治四世(1860年)作为法语etre的翻译出现的，并在不久之后成为标准哲学词汇的一部分。不难猜测为什么这样一个名词被认为是必要的；正如亚纳夫指出的那样，与法语、德语或英语不同，日语中没有与存在动词相对应的名词，存在动词有ARU和IRU两种形式。你可以很好地想象，如果你不得不谈论一个你不能用一个名词来指代的概念，那会是多么令人沮丧。然而，当有一个简单而方便的表达来谈论一个概念时，这可能会成为看清这个概念真正运作的复杂性的障碍。特别是，正如维特根斯坦提醒我们的那样，这些名词会在相应概念的真实性质上误导我们。
Modern Japanese has a noun sonzai which means existence in general. According to Akira Yanafu 1 who has studied many words which were newly created just after the Meiji Restoration, this noun first appeared as a translation of French etre in Meiji 4 (1860), and became a part of the standard philosophical vocaburary soon after. It is not hard to guess why such a noun was thought necessary; as Yanafu points out, unlike French, German, or English, Japanese had no noun corresponding to the existential verb, which has the two forms, aru and iru. You can well imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to talk about the concept which you could not refer to by a noun. However, when there is a simple and convenient expression to talk about a concept, that might become an obstacle to see the complexity of the real working of the concept. In particular, the nouns can mislead us about the real nature of the corresponding concepts, as Wittgenstein reminds us.