Short-term separation from groups by male Japanese macaques : Costs and benefits in feeding behavior and social interaction
Short-term separation from groups by male Japanese macaques : Costs and benefits in feeding behavior and social interaction
复制标题
雄性日本猕猴与群体的短期分离：进食行为和社会互动的成本和收益
DOI：
10.1002/ajp.22241
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
et al
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Otani;et al
为了扩大我们对裂变融合行为的理解，并确定其在灵长类动物中的变异性，有必要对基于个体和基于群体的裂变融合进行研究。我们在非交配季节对雄性和雌性日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata yakui）进行了一项平行跟踪研究，以澄清该物种雄性单独分布的一般特征，这是分裂融合行为的一个例子，并揭示其相关的成本和收益。雄性经常进行短期单独的测距，离开雌性的陪伴，独自测距，平均持续时间为68分钟。然而，雄性并没有冒险离开这个群体的家庭范围。当与群体分开时，雄性花更多的时间进食，特别是在水果上，在每棵进食树上停留的时间更长，并且比与群体一起时以更低的速度进食。这些行为变化表明，雄性可以通过单独测距来避免组内的进食竞争。然而，这种行为也与更高的旅行成本有关，这些分离的男性更容易受到群体间竞争的影响，社会交往的机会也更少。当高度聚集的食用植物物种是主要食物来源时，单独测距的频率较低。排名较低的男性，谁收到更多的侵略时，范围与组，表现出更高的频率单独测距。这种群体凝聚力方面的行为灵活性可能会使男性减少群体生活的成本，而不会完全失去好处。特别是，通过单独测距，雄性可以获得足够的进食时间，而不会受到其他群体成员的干扰。相反，当范围与组，男性可以访问梳理合作伙伴和优势，在组间竞争。am. J. Primatol. 76：374 - 384，2014.© 2013威利期刊公司.
To expand our understanding of fission–fusion behavior and determine its variability among primates, studies of both individual‐based and group‐based fission–fusion are necessary. We conducted a parallel tracking study of male and female Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) during the non‐mating season to clarify the general features of separate ranging by males of this species, an example of fission–fusion behavior, and to reveal its associated costs and benefits. Males frequently engaged in short‐term separate ranging, leaving the company of females and ranging on their own for periods averaging 68 min in duration. However, the males did not venture outside the group's home range. When ranging separately from the group, males spent more time feeding, particularly on fruit, stayed longer in each feeding tree, and fed at a lower rate than when ranging with the group. These behavioral changes suggest that males can avoid within‐group feeding competition by ranging alone. However, this behavior was also associated with higher traveling costs, and these separated males were more vulnerable to intergroup competition and had fewer opportunities for social interaction. The frequency of separate ranging was lower when highly clumped food plant species were the main food source. Lower‐ranked males, who received more aggression when ranging with the group, exhibited a higher frequency of separate ranging. This behavioral flexibility with respect to group cohesion may allow males to reduce the costs of group living without completely losing the benefits. Specifically, by ranging alone, males may acquire sufficient feeding time without being disturbed by other group members. Conversely, when ranging with the group, males can access grooming partners and advantages in intergroup competition. Am. J. Primatol. 76:374–384, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.