BIOCHEMISTRY OF ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
BIOCHEMISTRY OF ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
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DOI：
10.1016/0009-9120(92)90224-g
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发表时间：
1992-06-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
KUETTNER, KE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
KUETTNER, KE
关节软骨覆盖滑膜关节中长骨的末端，在关节运动期间提供平滑的关节连接和底层骨的缓冲。该组织可被视为粘弹性复合材料，其由II型胶原蛋白（和较少量的其他胶原蛋白）组成，包埋压缩（水合不足）的蛋白聚糖聚集体，其产生高渗透压/溶胀压。这种丰富的细胞外基质（ECM）由相对较少的细胞（软骨细胞）合成和转化。这些细胞产生区室化的ECM，其组分是异质的并且随解剖位置而变化。它们还随着年龄和功能要求的改变而发生变化。关节软骨不含分离的基底膜、神经、神经纤维或血管。通过细胞外基质的扩散获得营养物质和消除废物。胶原蛋白的周转比蛋白多糖慢得多。基质大分子的代谢周转产物连续释放到滑膜腔中，并最终到达血液循环，在血液循环中它们可以作为代谢变化的“标志物”进行测量。
Articular cartilage covers the ends of long bones in synovial joints, providing smooth articulation and cushioning of the underlying bone during joint movement. The tissue can be viewed as a viscoelastic, composite material composed of collagen type II (and smaller amounts of other collagens) entrapping compressed (underhydrated) proteoglycan aggregates which generate a high osmotic/swelling pressure. This abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) is synthesized and turned over by relatively few cells, the chondrocytes. These cells produce a compartmentalized ECM, the components of which are heterogeneous and vary with anatomical location. They also undergo changes with age and altered functional requirements. Articular cartilage contains no separating basement membranes, nerves, lymphatics, or blood vessels. Access to nutrients and elimination of waste products occur via diffusion through the extracellular matrix. The turnover of collagen is much slower than that of proteoglycans. Products of the metabolic turnover of the matrix macromolecules are released continuously into the synovial cavity and ultimately reach the blood circulation where they can be measured as "markers" of metabolic changes.