A little less aggregation a little more replication: Viral manipulation of stress granules.
A little less aggregation a little more replication: Viral manipulation of stress granules.
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DOI：
10.1002/wrna.1741
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发表时间：
2023-01
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影响因子：
--
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中科院分区：
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--
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最近令人兴奋的研究揭示了无膜细胞器（也称为生物冷凝物）如何为细胞提供快速反应途径，使它们能够重新组织细胞内容物并适应压力条件。它们的组装是由它们的RNA和内在无序的蛋白质组分相分离成凝聚焦点驱动的。其中，应激颗粒（SG）是动态的细胞质生物凝聚物，其响应于许多应激而形成，包括整合的应激反应或病毒感染的激活。SG位于抗病毒信号传导和翻译之间的十字路口，因为它们除了翻译机制和停滞的mRNA外，还集中了信号传导蛋白和先天免疫反应的组分。因此，它们被认为有助于抗病毒活性，因此是病毒对策的目标。同样，病毒可以征用SGs组件进行自身的有效复制。相分离过程是病毒生命周期的重要组成部分，例如，驱动复制工厂或包涵体的组装。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将概述最近的理解，这种复杂的相互作用和拔河之间的战争病毒，SG，和他们的组件。RNA在疾病和发展> RNA在疾病翻译>调节RNA与蛋白质和其他分子的相互作用> RNA-蛋白质复合物本文分类下：病毒完全依赖于宿主机器，因此旨在征服宿主并击败其防御，以利用其资源进行自身复制。进一步了解病毒如何抵消宿主免疫反应，如应激颗粒组装，在这里详细介绍，将告知未来的抗病毒治疗策略。
Recent exciting studies have uncovered how membrane‐less organelles, also known as biocondensates, are providing cells with rapid response pathways, allowing them to re‐organize their cellular contents and adapt to stressful conditions. Their assembly is driven by the phase separation of their RNAs and intrinsically disordered protein components into condensed foci. Among these, stress granules (SGs) are dynamic cytoplasmic biocondensates that form in response to many stresses, including activation of the integrated stress response or viral infections. SGs sit at the crossroads between antiviral signaling and translation because they concentrate signaling proteins and components of the innate immune response, in addition to translation machinery and stalled mRNAs. Consequently, they have been proposed to contribute to antiviral activities, and therefore are targeted by viral countermeasures. Equally, SGs components can be commandeered by viruses for their own efficient replication. Phase separation processes are an important component of the viral life cycle, for example, driving the assembly of replication factories or inclusion bodies. Therefore, in this review, we will outline the recent understanding of this complex interplay and tug of war between viruses, SGs, and their components. RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Translation > Regulation RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes This article is categorized under: Viruses depend entirely on host machinery and therefore aim to conquer the host and defeat its defenses to co‐opt its resources for its own replication. Improved understanding of how viruses counteract host immune responses such as stress granule assembly, detailed here, will inform future antiviral therapeutic strategies.
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