Global bias reliability in dogs (Canis familiaris)
Global bias reliability in dogs (Canis familiaris)
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DOI：
10.1007/s10071-016-1044-8
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Marinelli, Lieta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mongillo, Paolo;Pitteri, Elisa;Marinelli, Lieta
两年后，在一项歧视测试中，使用先前研究中使用的相同分层刺激（实验 1）和新颖的刺激（实验 2），评估了参与先前研究的狗的局部/全局偏好的可靠性。在实验1中，狗很容易重新学会辨别积极刺激；与之前的研究相比，他们个人的全球/本地选择是稳定的；并发现了总体上明显的全球偏见。在实验2中，狗获得初始辨别任务的速度较慢；整体全球偏见消失了；而且，与最初的研究相比，狗个体往往会做出相反的选择。无论实验类型如何，对与探测刺激的全局特征相似的测试刺激的自发关注是影响我们的狗进行全局选择的可能性的主要因素。然而，在实验 2 的测试阶段，对与任务无关的元素的注意力的增加是以牺牲对刺激的注意力为代价的。总体而言，结果表明狗的全局偏差的稳定性取决于评估意外事件的特征，可能包括任务的学习要求。我们的结果还清楚地表明，注意力过程对狗的全局偏见具有显著作用，这与之前在人类和其他物种中的发现一致。
Dogs enrolled in a previous study were assessed two years later for reliability of their local/global preference in a discrimination test with the same hierarchical stimuli used in the previous study (Experiment 1) and with a novel stimulus (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, dogs easily re-learned to discriminate the positive stimulus; their individual global/local choices were stable compared to the previous study; and an overall clear global bias was found. In Experiment 2, dogs were slower in acquiring the initial discrimination task; the overall global bias disappeared; and, individually, dogs tended to make inverse choices compared to the original study. Spontaneous attention toward the test stimulus resembling the global features of the probe stimulus was the main factor affecting the likeliness of a global choice of our dogs, regardless of the type of experiment. However, attention to task-irrelevant elements increased at the expense of attention to the stimuli in the test phase of Experiment 2. Overall, the results suggest that the stability of global bias in dogs depends on the characteristics of the assessment contingencies, likely including the learning requirements of the tasks. Our results also clearly indicate that attention processes have a prominent role on dogs' global bias, in agreement with previous findings in humans and other species.