The Kiryu Experimental Watershed: 50‐years of rainfall‐runoff data for a forest catchment in central Japan
The Kiryu Experimental Watershed: 50‐years of rainfall‐runoff data for a forest catchment in central Japan
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桐生实验流域：日本中部森林流域 50 年降雨径流数据
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.14104
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Tani Makoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Katsuyama Masanori;Ohte Nobuhito;Kosugi Yoshiko;Tani Makoto
吉柳实验集水区（基尤）是一个小型（5.99公顷）森林集水区，位于日本中部滋贺（北纬34°58′，东经136°00′; www.bluemoon.kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kiryu/contents.html）。在这个地区，森林破坏发生在大约。1250我的150年前，由于过度使用森林和木材。然后，希尔赛德造林进行了100多年，以防止水土流失和支持木材工业，因此，这一地区的大部分现在都是种植园林，主要是Chamaaparis obtusa Sieb。et Zucc.（日本柏树）种植于1960年左右。这片种植园林没有得到积极管理。基尤是日本领先的实验林之一，拥有长期监测数据。基尤的研究始于1967年，目的是阐明森林集水区的水文和地球化学过程与气候、地质、土壤和植被生长的关系。此后，对降水、径流和泥沙输运的长期水文数据进行持续监测。本研究提供了基尤流域近50年来的径流、泥沙输移资料，并对该流域的径流、泥沙输移规律进行了初步探讨。年降水量和最大日降水量高于过去十年的平均值。在过去的十年中，年直接径流量与降水量的比例也较大，这与降雨模式有关。因此，这十年的泥沙输移量大于前十年。我们的数据表明，气候条件，径流响应，泥沙动态，以及森林条件的缓慢进展的变化之间存在着密切的关系。
The Kiryu Experimental Catchment (KEW) is a small (5.99 ha) forest catchment located in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan (34°58′ N, 136°00′ E; www.bluemoon.kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kiryu/contents.html). Around this area, forest devastation occurred from ca. 1250 to ca. 150 years ago because of overuse of forest and timbers. Then, hillside forestation was carried out for more than 100 years to prevent soil erosion and support the timber industry, and consequently, most of this area is now covered with plantation forests mainly byChamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese cypress) planted around 1960's. This plantation forest is not actively managed. The KEW is one of the leading experimental forests with long‐term monitoring data in Japan. Research in the KEW began in 1967 to elucidate the hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the forested catchment in relation to climate, geology, soil, and vegetation growth. Since then, the long‐term hydrological data of precipitation, runoff and sediment transport are continuously monitoring. In this study, we provide the data and preliminarily discuss the rainfall–runoff patterns and sediment transport through 50 years in the KEW. The annual precipitation and the maximum daily rainfall have been greater than the average over the last decade. In response to the rainfall patterns, the ratio of annual direct runoff to precipitation was also larger in the last decade. The sediment transport in this decade was consequently larger than the preceding decades. Our data presented here suggest that a close relationship exists between the climate condition, rainfall–runoff response, sediment dynamics, as well as a slowly progressing change of forest condition.