Object-based learning in higher education: The pedagogical power of museums
Object-based learning in higher education: The pedagogical power of museums
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高等教育中基于对象的学习：博物馆的教学力量
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发表时间：
2011
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通讯作者：
H. Chatterjee
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作者：
H. Chatterjee
在伦敦大学学院（UCL）举行的一次关于高等教育中基于对象的学习的特别会议之后，本文提供了一系列后续论文的概述，这些论文探讨了基于对象的学习的价值，包括大学课堂中博物馆学习的教学框架和来自一系列学科的实践示例。高等教育中基于对象的学习借鉴了许多已知的学习策略，包括主动学习和体验式学习；本论文集汇集了伦敦大学学院开创的基于对象的学习的例子，并试图鼓励在新的、教学上强大的模式中加强对大学馆藏的使用。博物馆的藏品提供了一个宝贵的机会，为获取特定学科的知识提供了一个焦点——想象一下，在没有看到地质标本的情况下教授沉积岩和火成岩的区别。物品还可以用来激发讨论、小组合作和横向思维——这些都是高等教育中必不可少的、可转移的技能。大学馆藏包含了丰富的信息，记录了学科的历史兴起，代表了全球文化和自然的多样性。大学馆藏是基于对象学习的先驱，大多数大学馆藏都是作为教学馆藏形成的。在19世纪和20世纪初，基于对象的学习是学生体验的一个组成部分；但在20世纪后期，包括伦敦大学学院在内的许多大学都面临着青睐和使用的低迷。本文介绍了一系列探讨21世纪高等教育领域中基于对象的学习的论文，提供了大学教师的最佳实践示例，以及借鉴学习理论在教学框架内将基于对象的学习情境化的论文。2009年4月，伦敦大学学院（UCL）举办了一个专门研究高等教育中基于对象的学习（OBL）的特别研究日。这一天由伦敦大学学院博物馆和收藏（M&C）组织，吸引了来自伦敦大学学院和更广泛的高等教育和博物馆部门的70名代表。该活动的目的是展示近年来伦敦大学学院发展的各种OBL活动和资源，以伦敦大学学院优秀的博物馆和藏品为基础。其中一个主要目标是促进伦敦大学学院作为一流的高等教育学习机会和资源的提供者，在该地区的学者。通过案例研究和基于理论的参与性会议和传统会议，会议的预期结果是鼓励在教学中更多地使用大学馆藏。背景：伦敦大学学院和伦敦大学学院的博物馆和收藏博物馆及其收藏是令人着迷的地方-拥有令人惊叹的文物，美丽的艺术品和迷人的标本。伦敦大学学院拥有3个公共博物馆，Petrie埃及考古博物馆，Grant动物学博物馆和Strang印刷室，以及大约15个部门的收藏，涵盖考古学，人类学，科学和医学（伦敦大学学院博物馆和收藏2006）。伦敦大学学院的藏品总数达100万件，其中包含了丰富的信息，记录了化学、地球科学、动物学和考古学等各个学科的历史兴起，并代表了全球文化和自然多样性。伦敦大学学院的藏品用于教学、研究和公众参与。
Following a special conference focused on object-based learning in higher education at University College London (UCL), this paper provides the overview for a series of subsequent papers which explore the value of object-based learning, including the pedagogical framework for museum learning in the university classroom and practice led examples from a range of disciplines. Object-based learning in higher education draws on many of the learning strategies already known to inform students, including active learning and experiential learning; this collection of papers draws together examples of object-based learning pioneered at UCL and seeks to encourage enhanced use of university collections in new, pedagogically powerful, modes. Introduction Museum collections afford a valuable opportunity to provide a focal point for acquiring subject specific knowledge – imagine teaching about the difference between sedimentary and igneous rocks without ever looking at a geological specimen. Objects can also be used to inspire discussion, group work and lateral thinking – all essential key, transferable, skills in higher education. University collections comprise a wealth of information, documenting the historic rise of disciplines and representing cultural and natural diversity from across the globe. University collections were pioneers in object-based learning and most university collections were formed as teaching collections. Object-based learning was an integral part of the student experience in 19 and early 20 centuries; but many universities, including UCL faced a downturn in favor and use in the later 20 century. This paper introduces a series of papers exploring object-based learning in the 21 century within the higher education sector, offering examples of best practice from university teachers, plus papers drawing on learning theory to contextualize object-based learning within a pedagogical framework. In April 2009 University College London (UCL) hosted a special study day devoted to object-based learning (OBL) in higher education. Organized by UCL Museums & Collections (M&C) the day attracted 70 delegates from across UCL and the wider higher education and museum sectors. The purpose of the event was to showcase the varied OBL activities and resources developed at UCL in recent years, based around UCL’s outstanding museums and collections. One of the key aims was to promote UCL M&C as providers of top-class higher education learning opportunities and resources to academics in the region. Through case-studies and theory-based participative and traditional conference sessions, the desired outcome of the gathering was to encourage an increased use of university collections in teaching. Background: OBL and UCL Museums & Collections Museums, and the collections they house, are fascinating places – home to amazing artifacts, beautiful artworks and fascinating specimens. UCL is home to 3 public museums, the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, the Grant Museum of Zoology and the Strang Print Room, and around 15 departmental collections covering archaeology, anthropology, science and medicine (UCL MUSEUMS AND COLLECTIONS 2006). Totaling a third of a million objects UCL’s collections comprise a wealth of information documenting the historic rise of various disciplines, such as chemistry, earth sciences, zoology and archaeology and representing cultural and natural diversity from across the globe. UCL’s collections are used in teaching, research and public engagement.