Habits of Virtue: Creating Norms of Cooperation and Defection in the Laboratory
Habits of Virtue: Creating Norms of Cooperation and Defection in the Laboratory
复制标题
DOI：
10.1287/mnsc.2015.2168
复制
发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Rand, David G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peysakhovich, Alexander;Rand, David G.
如何解释跨组织和跨文化的合作规范的变化？一个答案来自于个人将典型的成功行为内化为规范的倾向。不同的制度结构会导致不同的行为规范内化。然后，这些规范会被运用到机构无法触及的非典型情况中。在这里，我们通过实验证明了这种溢出效应。首先，我们利用重复的囚徒困境将受试者置于支持或不支持合作的环境中。之后，我们在一次性游戏中衡量他们内在的亲社会性。来自支持合作的环境的受试者更加亲社会，更有可能惩罚自私，并且总体上更加信任。此外，这些效应在使用启发式方法的受试者中最为明显，这表明直觉过程在我们观察到的溢出效应中发挥着关键作用。我们的研究结果有助于解释一次性匿名合作的变化，将这种内在动机的亲社会性与其他环境中经历的外部强加的制度规则联系起来。作为补充材料的数据可在http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2168上获取。
What explains variability in norms of cooperation across organizations and cultures? One answer comes from the tendency of individuals to internalize typically successful behaviors as norms. Different institutional structures can cause different behavioral norms to be internalized. These norms are then carried over into atypical situations beyond the reach of the institution. Here, we experimentally demonstrate such spillovers. First, we immerse subjects in environments that do or do not support cooperation using repeated prisoner's dilemmas. Afterwards, we measure their intrinsic prosociality in one-shot games. Subjects from environments that support cooperation are more prosocial, more likely to punish selfishness, and more trusting in general. Furthermore, these effects are most pronounced among subjects who use heuristics, suggesting that intuitive processes play a key role in the spillovers we observe. Our findings help to explain variation in one-shot anonymous cooperation, linking this intrinsically motivated prosociality to the externally imposed institutional rules experienced in other settings.Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2168.