Detailed internal structure and along-strike variability of the core of a plate boundary fault: the Highland Boundary fault, Scotland

Detailed internal structure and along-strike variability of the core of a plate boundary fault: the Highland Boundary fault, Scotland
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板块边界断层核心的详细内部结构和沿走向变化:苏格兰高地边界断层

DOI:
10.1144/jgs2018-226
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
McKay L
McKay L
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
McKay L

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苏格兰东北部斯通黑文附近的高地边界断层提供了一个难得的机会来研究一个暴露良好的、沿走向的古板块边界断层的内部断层结构。与许多板块边界一样,蛇纹岩与不同地体的石英-长石类地壳岩石并列。我们首次报道了高原边界断层核的复杂内部结构,它由四个结构和化学性质不同的未混合富粘土单元组成。尽管有内部应变的证据,但相对完整的围岩碎屑和微化石被保存在粘土中。断裂岩心黏土矿物学特征与左旋走滑过程中不同化学性质的围岩之间发生剪切强化化学反应形成的浅层低温自生作用相一致。观察到的构造与其他主要的弱核板块边界(如圣安德烈亚斯断层)相似。通过详细的测绘,我们证明了板块边界断层核的内部结构可以在厘米到米的尺度上沿走向变化厚度和组成。地震破裂力学在很大程度上取决于断层岩石组合的物理性质。因此,研究活动板块边界破裂传播的模型应该包含或评估对可变断层芯厚度和组成的容忍度和敏感性。补充材料:进一步的x射线衍射(XRD)分析数据可在https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4663640上获得
The Highland Boundary fault near Stonehaven, NE Scotland, provides a rare opportunity to study the internal fault structure of a well-exposed, along-strike section of an ancient plate boundary fault. As in many plate boundaries, serpentinite juxtaposes quartzo-feldspathic crustal rocks of distinct terranes. We report, for the first time, the complex internal structure of the Highland Boundary fault core, comprised of four structurally and chemically distinct clay-rich units that remain unmixed. Despite the evidence for internal strain, relatively intact clasts of wall rock and microfossils are preserved within the clay. The fault core clay minerology is consistent with a shallow, low-temperature authigenesis derived from shear-enhanced chemical reactions between wall rocks of contrasting chemistry during sinistral strike-slip. The observed structure is comparable to those of other major weak-cored plate boundaries (e.g. the San Andreas fault). Through detailed mapping, we demonstrate that the internal structure of a plate boundary fault core can vary in thickness and composition along-strike over centimetre- to metre-length scales.Earthquake rupture mechanics critically depend on the physical properties of fault rock assemblages. Therefore, models that investigate rupture propagation at active plate boundaries should incorporate, or else assess tolerance and sensitivity to, variable fault core thickness and composition.Supplementary material: Further X-ray diffraction (XRD) analytical data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4663640
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