Diagnosing Network-Wide P2P Live Streaming Inefficiencies
Diagnosing Network-Wide P2P Live Streaming Inefficiencies
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DOI：
10.1145/2089085.2089090
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发表时间：
2009-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chuan Wu;Baochun Li;Shuqiao Zhao
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文献类型：
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作者：
Chuan Wu;Baochun Li;Shuqiao Zhao
大规模实时对等（P2P）流媒体应用已经成功地部署在今天的互联网。虽然它们可以同时容纳数十万用户和数百个节目频道，但仍然普遍存在流式传输质量不令人满意的频道和时间。在本文中，基于超过两个TB和一年的活的痕迹，从UUSee，一个大型的商业P2P直播系统，我们展示了一个深入的网络范围内的诊断流效率低下，通常存在于典型的基于网格的P2P直播流系统。作为我们工作的第一个亮点，我们确定了系统中低流媒体质量的演变模式，以及不同流媒体渠道和不同地理区域中流媒体效率低下的分布。然后，我们进行了广泛的调查，以探索在不同时间和特定时间跨不同渠道/区域的这种流传输效率低下的原因，通过调查对等端数量，对等端上传带宽，对等端间带宽可用性，服务器带宽消耗等因素的影响。最初的发现，我们提出了包括双方的影响，在流媒体通道的流媒体质量的对等人口，在高峰时期的对等带宽瓶颈的显着影响，并在并发通道的服务器容量的利用率低下。基于这些见解，我们发现现有的P2P直播流设计中存在的问题，并讨论了一些建议，以改善现实世界的流媒体协议在大规模运行。
Large-scale live peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming applications have been successfully deployed in today's Internet. While they can accommodate hundreds of thousands of users simultaneously with hundreds of channels of programming, there still commonly exist channels and times where and when the streaming quality is unsatisfactory. In this paper, based on more than two terabytes and one year worth of live traces from UUSee, a large-scale commercial P2P live streaming system, we show an in-depth network-wide diagnosis of streaming inefficiencies, commonly present in typical mesh-based P2P live streaming systems. As the first highlight of our work, we identify an evolutionary pattern of low streaming quality in the system, and the distribution of streaming inefficiencies across various streaming channels and in different geographical regions. We then carry out an extensive investigation to explore the causes to such streaming inefficiencies over different times and across different channels/regions at specific times, by investigating the impact of factors such as the number of peers, peer upload bandwidth, inter-peer bandwidth availability, server bandwidth consumption, and many more. The original discoveries we have brought forward include the two-sided effects of peer population on the streaming quality in a streaming channel, the significant impact of inter-peer bandwidth bottlenecks at peak times, and the inefficient utilization of server capacities across concurrent channels. Based on these insights, we identify problems within the existing P2P live streaming design and discuss a number of suggestions to improve real-world streaming protocols operating at a large scale.