The mean temperature of central England, 1698–1952
The mean temperature of central England, 1698–1952
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英格兰中部平均气温，1698 年至 1952 年
DOI：
10.1002/qj.49707934006
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发表时间：
1953
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
G. Manley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Manley
已构建了 1698 年至 1952 年期间代表英国中部地区的月平均气温表。从 1815 年开始，它源自“拉德克利夫”（牛津）和“兰开夏”月均值的平均值。从 1771 年到 1815 年，它是通过对许多内陆车站每月的发车或异常情况进行平均而建立的，这些车站的记录足够长，可以跨越 1815 年到 1840 年；从 1771 年到 1798 年，基于林登的米德兰长期记录的直接值强化了由此获得的值。 1771 年之前，现有的爱丁堡、格林威治和兰开夏郡平均值由基于林登和埃克塞特的进一步直接值进行补充。对于 1752 年之前的所有年份，旧式日历月份已更正为新式，并且直接值源自早期 MS。伦敦、普利茅斯和中部地区的期刊经过仔细校对，可追溯至 1728 年，并通过哈利法克斯、伦敦和其他地方的其他简短记录延伸至 1722 年 11 月。最后，直接还原了德勒姆 1699 年至 1706 年的上敏斯特记录，已被用作最早年份的基础。在此期间的估计是根据乌得勒支的减少量提供的，并补充了 1713 年至 1722 年对英格兰风和天气的非仪器观测。提供了对 18 世纪期间获得的价值观的一些证实；希望该表能够作为研究英国温度变化的通用标准，直到提供更好的东西为止。
A table of monthly mean temperatures representative of the English Midlands has been constructed for the period 1698–1952. From 1815 it is derived from the average of the ‘Radcliffe’ (Oxford) and ‘Lancashire’ monthly means. From 1771–1815 it has been built up by averaging the departures, or anomalies, for each month at a number of inland stations whose records are long enough to be bridged into the years 1815–1840; from 1771–1798 the values thus obtained are reinforced by direct values based on the long Midland record at Lyndon. Before 1771 the existing Edinburgh, Greenwich and Lancashire means are supplemented by further direct values based on Lyndon and Exeter. For all years previous to 1752 the Old Style calendar months have been rectified to the New Style, and the direct values derived from early MS. journals in London, Plymouth, and the Midlands have been carefully collated back to 1728, and extended by means of other short records from Halifax, London and elsewhere back to November 1722. Finally, a direct reduction of Derham's Upminster record, 1699–1706, has been used as a basis for the earliest years. For the intervening years estimates are provided from a consideration of the Utrecht reductions, supplemented for 1713–1722 by non-instrumental observations of wind and weather in England. Some corroboration of the values so obtained during the eighteenth century is provided; it is hoped that the table can serve as a general standard for studies of English temperature variations until such time as something better can be provided.