Does State Tightness-Looseness Predict Behavior and Attitudes Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA?
Does State Tightness-Looseness Predict Behavior and Attitudes Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA?
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DOI：
10.1177/00220221221077710
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发表时间：
2022-03-30
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Gutchess, Angela
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilliam, Ashley;Schwartz, Danielle B.;Gutchess, Angela
我们研究了美国居住状态的紧-松（反映社会规范的严格性）如何预测与COVID-19相关的行为和态度。由于个人层面的紧密度可能更好地反映了大流行期间的当前态度，而州一级的档案措施反映了历史因素，因此我们评估了两个层面的紧密度-松散度在多大程度上预测了对公共卫生指南的遵守以及对与COVID-19相关的外群体的偏见。2020年春季，主要来自13个最严格和13个宽松州的544名mTurk参与者完成了关于应对COVID-19的健康行为、对未来政策变化的认可、对生命的责任感以及对大流行期间边缘化群体的态度（即，亚洲人，老年人）。州一级的结果表明，对亚洲人和老年人的态度有一些联系，但效果并不明显。基于个人对其状态紧张程度的评级的结果表明，较高水平的感知紧张程度与较高水平的自我报告的保护性公共卫生行为相关（例如，在COVID-19期间戴口罩，洗手），对未来政策变化的更多认可，以遏制大流行，对生命的责任感更高，对亚洲人的负面态度更强。在控制了政治态度和人口统计学因素后，紧密度和健康结果之间的关系仍然存在。因此，在COVID-19大流行早期，个人（而不是国家）的紧-松在一定程度上解释了公共卫生行为（个人紧的独特贡献：R-2 = .034）和对边缘化群体的态度（R-2 = .020）。这些研究结果的干预措施，以支持行为改变或打击反亚洲偏见的影响进行了讨论。
We investigated how tightness-looseness, reflecting strictness of social norms, of state of residence in the USA predicts behaviors and attitudes related to COVID-19. Because individual-level tightness may better capture current attitudes during the pandemic, whereas state-level archival measures reflect historical factors, we assessed the extent to which tightness-looseness at both levels predicted adherence to public health guidelines and biases toward outgroups related to COVID-19. In Spring 2020, 544 mTurk participants, primarily from the 13 tightest and 13 loosest states, completed survey questions about health behaviors in response to COVID-19, endorsement of future policy changes, feeling of responsibility for lives, and attitudes toward groups marginalized during the pandemic (i.e., Asians, older adults). State-level results indicated some associations with attitudes toward Asians and older adults, but effects were not robust. Results based on individuals' ratings of the tightness of their state indicated that higher levels of perceived tightness were associated with higher levels of protective self-reported public health behaviors (e.g., mask wearing, handwashing) during COVID-19, more endorsement of future policy changes to contain the pandemic, higher reported feelings of responsibility for one's life, and stronger negative attitudes toward Asians. The relations between tightness and health outcomes persisted after controlling for political attitudes and demographics. Thus, individual, more than state, tightness-looseness accounted for some degree of public health behaviors (unique contribution of individual tightness: R-2 = .034) and attitudes toward marginalized groups (R-2 = .020) early during the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of these findings for interventions to support behavior change or combat anti-Asian bias are discussed.