Neighboring colonies influence uptake of thermotolerant endosymbionts in threatened Caribbean coral recruits
Neighboring colonies influence uptake of thermotolerant endosymbionts in threatened Caribbean coral recruits
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DOI：
10.1007/s00338-021-02090-1
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发表时间：
2020-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Olivia M. Williamson;Corinne Allen;Dana E Williams;Matthew W. Johnson;Margaret W. Miller;A. Baker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Olivia M. Williamson;Corinne Allen;Dana E Williams;Matthew W. Johnson;Margaret W. Miller;A. Baker
提高珊瑚恢复力的干预策略包括操纵与藻类内共生生物的联系。虽然寄主耐高温的沟状杜氏菌增加了加勒比海成年珊瑚的白化阈值，但其影响在它们的早期生命阶段仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们测试了蚕豆芽胞杆菌是否可以与d。由附近的“供体”群落提供，并检查了由此产生的生态权衡，以评估早期共生菌科的操作作为珊瑚礁恢复的可扩展工具。我们将非共生源暴露于29°C或31°C，并暴露于montastraea cavernosa（含有cladocopiumits2型C3）或siderastrea siderea(含有d。trenchii)。60天后，用d。trenchiidonors主办了近三次moved。这表明新入者可以从附近不同种类的珊瑚中获得共生珊瑚科。温度不影响共生体的同一性。接下来，移除供体菌落，在环境温度下维持存活的新兵三个月，之后，其中一部分暴露在60天的热应激下。先前在31°C下饲养的新兵在34°C下存活的时间是在29°C下饲养的新兵的两倍，这表明预先暴露在高温下可以使新兵适应未来的热应激。此外，新兵主要主持。在34°C下，细菌存活的时间是那些携带少量细菌或noD的细菌的两倍。trenchii。然而，d的比例。trenchii寄主与水螅体大小和共生体密度呈负相关，表明寄主和共生体的生长与耐热性之间存在权衡关系。这些发现表明，虽然供体群落可能是向新珊瑚播种耐热共生体的有效来源，但从业者在设计恢复策略时需要平衡这些方法的可能收益和成本。
Intervention strategies to enhance coral resilience include manipulating associations with algal endosymbionts. While hosting thermotolerantDurusdinium trenchiican increase bleaching thresholds in Caribbean coral adults, its effects remain largely unknown during their early life stages. Here, we tested ifOrbicella faveolatarecruits could establish symbiosis withD. trenchiisupplied by nearby “donor” colonies and examined the resulting ecological trade-offs to evaluate early Symbiodiniaceae manipulation as a scalable tool for reef restoration. We exposed aposymbiotic recruits to 29 °C or 31 °C and to fragments ofMontastraea cavernosa(containingCladocopiumITS2 type C3) orSiderastrea siderea(containingD. trenchii). After 60 days, recruits reared withD. trenchiidonors hosted nearly three times moreD. trenchiithan those withCladocopiumdonors, suggesting that recruits can acquire Symbiodiniaceae from nearby corals of different species. Temperature did not affect symbiont identity. Next, donor colonies were removed and surviving recruits were maintained for three months at ambient temperatures, after which a subset was exposed to a 60-day heat stress. Recruits previously reared at 31 °C survived twice as long at 34 °C as those reared at 29 °C, suggesting that pre-exposure to heat can prime recruits to withstand future thermal stress. Furthermore, recruits hosting primarilyD. trenchiisurvived twice as long at 34 °C as those hosting little or noD. trenchii. However, the proportion ofD. trenchiihosted was negatively correlated with polyp size and symbiont density, indicating a trade-off between growth (of both host and symbiont) and heat tolerance. These findings suggest that, while donor colonies may be effective sources for seeding coral recruits with thermotolerant symbionts, practitioners will need to balance the likely benefits and costs of these approaches when designing restoration strategies.