Exploiting disorder to probe spin and energy hydrodynamics
Exploiting disorder to probe spin and energy hydrodynamics
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DOI：
10.1038/s41567-023-02024-4
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发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
影响因子：
19.6
通讯作者：
Pai Peng;B. Ye;N. Yao;P. Cappellaro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Pai Peng;B. Ye;N. Yao;P. Cappellaro
大规模量子平台的一个突出挑战是同时实现强相互作用，产生最有趣的行为，以及可以探测它们的局部寻址。在相关阶段的背景下，局部寻址允许人们直接探测系统顺序的性质。同时，这种寻址允许研究非平衡场景中的量子信息传播和算子增长。在这里，我们介绍一种技术，尽管只能访问全局控制，但仍可以测量局部相关函数，直至单站点分辨率。我们的方法利用固态自旋系综中存在的固有无序来使相关函数的非局部分量相移。利用这个工具集，我们测量了核自旋链中的自旋和能量传输。通过 Floquet 工程调整相互作用哈密顿量，我们研究了弹道流体动力学和扩散流体动力学之间的交叉。有趣的是，在某些参数范围内，我们观察到扩散自旋输运与弹道能量输运的共存，这是相互作用的可积系统的标志。
An outstanding challenge in large-scale quantum platforms is to simultaneously achieve strong interactions, giving rise to the most interesting behaviours, and local addressing, which can probe them. In the context of correlated phases, local addressing allows one to directly probe the nature of the system’s order. At the same time, such addressing allows the study of quantum information spreading and operator growth in out-of-equilibrium scenarios. Here we introduce a technique that enables the measurement of local correlation functions, down to single-site resolution, despite access to only global controls. Our approach leverages the intrinsic disorder present in a solid-state spin ensemble to dephase the non-local components of the correlation function. Utilizing this toolset, we measure both the spin and energy transport in nuclear spin chains. By tuning the interaction Hamiltonian via Floquet engineering, we investigate the cross-over between ballistic and diffusive hydrodynamics. Interestingly, in certain parameter regimes, we observe the coexistence of diffusive spin transport with ballistic energy transport, a hallmark of interacting integrable systems.