Climate change and global issues in allergy and immunology
Climate change and global issues in allergy and immunology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2021.10.011
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发表时间：
2021-12-03
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Hernandez, Michelle L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pacheco, Susan E.;Guidos-Fogelbach, Guillermo;Hernandez, Michelle L.
化石燃料的燃烧和温室气体(GHGs)的积累导致全球气温稳步上升，继续破坏世界各地所有生态系统的稳定。尽管必须在2030年前将年排放量减半，并在2050年前达到净零排放，以限制与全球变暖相关的一些最灾难性的影响，但世界遏制温室气体排放的努力没有达到2015年《巴黎协定》中做出的承诺。为此，2021年7月最近被宣布为142年来最热的一个月。这些变化对全球气温的影响是复杂的，并进一步加剧了室外空气污染、花粉暴露和极端天气事件。除了使呼吸道健康恶化外，空气污染还会增加特应性和感染的易感性。温室气体对花粉的影响影响哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的频率和严重程度。气温、空气污染和极端天气事件的变化对多系统健康产生不利影响，并不成比例地影响弱势群体和弱势群体。这篇综述文章是关于气候变化对健康的影响的过敏症专家和免疫学家的最新进展，这些影响在我们的日常实践中已经很明显。它还呼吁采取行动和倡导，包括整合与气候变化相关的缓解、教育和适应措施，以保护我们的患者，避免对我们的地球造成进一步的伤害。(《过敏与免疫杂志》2021；148：1366-77。)
The steady increase in global temperatures, resulting from the combustion of fossil fuels and the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), continues to destabilize all ecosystems worldwide. Although annual emissions must be halved by 2030 and reach net zero by 2050 to limit some of the most catastrophic impacts associated with a warming planet, the world's efforts to curb GHG emissions fall short of the commitments made in the 2015 Paris Agreement. To this effect, July 2021 was recently declared the hottest month ever recorded in 142 years. The ramifications of these changes for global temperatures are complex and further promote outdoor air pollution, pollen exposure, and extreme weather events. Besides worsening respiratory health, air pollution promotes atopy and susceptibility to infections. The effects of GHGs on pollen affect the frequency and severity of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Changes in temperature, air pollution, and extreme weather events exert adverse multisystemic health effects and disproportionally affect disadvantaged and vulnerable populations. This review article is an update for allergists and immunologists about the health impacts of climate change that are already evident in our daily practices. It is also a call to action and advocacy, including to integrate climate change-related mitigation, education, and adaptation measures to protect our patients and avert further injury to our planet. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021;148:1366-77.)