IQ and personality traits assessed in childhood as predictors of drinking and smoking behaviour in middle-aged adults: a 24-year follow-up study
IQ and personality traits assessed in childhood as predictors of drinking and smoking behaviour in middle-aged adults: a 24-year follow-up study
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961116158.x
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Roth, Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kubicka, L;Matejcek, Z;Roth, Z
目的：确定儿童时期的人格特征对成年人饮酒和吸烟行为的预测作用。
设计：一项为期24年的随访研究。
地点：捷克共和国布拉格。
参与者：220名因意外怀孕出生的男性和女性以及220名对照受试者组成的混合队列，在9 - 10岁、21 - 23岁、28 - 31岁和32 - 35岁时进行检查，流失率较低。
测量方法：儿童时期，使用韦氏儿童智力量表（WISC）评估智商，由教师、母亲和同学对人格特征进行评定。成年后，通过问卷调查和面对面访谈来评估饮酒和吸烟情况。
研究结果：意外怀孕与成年人饮酒和吸烟无关。儿童时期人格特征的评定被浓缩为三个人格维度，即尽责性、外向性和神经质，可解释为大五人格维度中的三个，并且发现这些特征在成年后具有一定的稳定性。性别、智商以及三种儿童时期的人格特质被用作成年人饮酒和吸烟行为的预测因素。成年饮酒行为可由三种儿童时期人格特质显著预测，尽责性低可预测每次饮酒量高（以及重度偶发性饮酒），而外向性可预测受试者的平均日饮酒量。成年吸烟可由低智商和低尽责性预测。
结论：儿童的智商和人格特质在一定程度上解释了成年男性和女性的饮酒和吸烟行为，但不同组成部分的作用因物质使用的形式而异。
Aims. The identification of childhood personality predictors of drinking and smoking behaviour in adults. Design. A 24-year follow-up study. Setting. Prague, the Czech Republic. Participants. Combined cohorts of 220 males and females born of unwanted pregnancies, and 220 control subjects, examined with low attrition rates at ages 9-10, 21-23, 28-31 and 32-35. Measurements. In childhood IQ was assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Children (WISC), and personality characteristics were rated by teachers, mothers and classmates. In adulthood questionnaires and face-to-face interviews were used to assess drinking and smoking. Findings. Unwanted pregnancy was not related to adult drinking and smoking. The ratings of childhood personality characteristics were condensed into three personality dimensions, i.e. conscientiousness, extroversion and neuroticism, interpreted as three of the Big Five personality dimensions, and found to show some stability into adulthood. Gender, IQ and the three childhood personality traits were used as predictors of adult drinking and smoking behaviour. Adult drinking behaviour was significantly predicted by the block of the three childhood personality traits, low conscientiousness predicting high drinking quantity per occasion (and heavy episodic drinking) whereas extroversion predicted subjects' average daily consumption. Smoking in adulthood was predicted by low IQ and low conscientiousness. Conclusions. IQ and personality traits in children explain to some degree the drinking and smoking behaviour of adult men and women, but the roles of the different components vary according to the form of substance use.