Representational Uncertainty in the Brain During Threat Conditioning and the Link With Psychopathic Traits
Representational Uncertainty in the Brain During Threat Conditioning and the Link With Psychopathic Traits
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.04.005
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发表时间：
2017-11-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Cohn, Moran D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brazil, Inti A.;Mathys, Christoph D.;Cohn, Moran D.
背景：精神病一再被认为与厌恶事件的联想学习障碍有关（即，威胁条件）。最佳威胁条件反射需要产生刺激-结果偶发事件的内部表征以及这些可能变化的速率。因为心理表征是不完美的，所以大脑中表征的准确性总是不确定的（即，代表性不确定性）。然而，目前还不清楚1）在多大程度上威胁条件反射容易受到不同类型的不确定性表征有关的偶发事件在收购阶段和2）如何表征的不确定性与精神病特征。将计算模型应用于功能性神经成像数据，以分别估计偶发事件表示（CoUn）和偶发事件变化率（RUn）的不确定性，在132名有发展反社会人格风险的青少年中，在威胁条件反射的获得阶段大脑激活。接下来，检验了这两种类型的表征不确定性与精神病相关维度之间的关联。结果：左侧和右侧杏仁核激活与CoUn相关，而双侧岛叶和右侧杏仁核与RUn相关。不同的模式之间的关系被发现的精神病特征和每种类型的不确定性。无情的非情绪化的特质和冲动不负责任的特质，唯一的预测增加CoUn，而只有冲动不负责任的特质预测增加RUn.CONCLUSIONS：研究结果表明，1）杏仁核和杏仁核不同，这些地区是如何受到不同类型的代表性的不确定性在威胁条件反射和2）CoUn和RUn有不同的模式与精神病相关的维度的关系。
BACKGROUND: Psychopathy has repeatedly been linked to disturbed associative learning from aversive events (i.e., threat conditioning). Optimal threat conditioning requires the generation of internal representations of stimulus- outcome contingencies and the rate with which these may change. Because mental representations are imperfect, there will always be uncertainty about the accuracy of representations in the brain (i.e., representational uncertainty). However, it remains unclear 1) to what extent threat conditioning is susceptible to different types of uncertainty in representations about contingencies during the acquisition phase and 2) how representational uncertainty relates to psychopathic features.METHODS: A computational model was applied to functional neuroimaging data to estimate uncertainty in representations of contingencies (CoUn) and the rate of change of contingencies (RUn), respectively, from brain activation during the acquisition phase of threat conditioning in 132 adolescents at risk of developing antisocial personality profiles. Next, the associations between these two types of representational uncertainty and psychopathy-related dimensions were examined.RESULTS: The left and right amygdala activations were associated with CoUn, while the bilateral insula and the right amygdala were associated with RUn. Different patterns of relationships were found between psychopathic features and each type of uncertainty. Callous-unemotional traits and impulsive-irresponsible traits uniquely predicted increased CoUn, while only impulsive-irresponsible traits predicted increased RUn.CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that 1) the insula and amygdala differ in how these regions are affected by different types of representational uncertainty during threat conditioning and 2) CoUn and RUn have different patterns of relationships with psychopathy-related dimensions.