Predation risk and the number of adult males in a primate group: a comparative test
Predation risk and the number of adult males in a primate group: a comparative test
复制标题
捕食风险和灵长类动物群体中成年雄性的数量：比较测试
DOI：
10.1007/bf00170707
复制
发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Mark Hörstermann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Schaik;Mark Hörstermann
在双性恋灵长类动物群体中，成年雄性的数量被认为主要是由与雌性交配的防御能力决定的。然而，在灵长类动物中，小群体有时包含几个成年雄性。我们评估了这样一个假设，即高捕食风险可能导致灵长类群体中更多的雄性代表，而不受群体规模的影响。众所周知，雄性灵长类动物比雌性更警惕，也可能更善于发现潜在的捕食者。一项比较试验使用了三大洲的树栖叶食性动物、新热带地区的吼猴、非洲的疣猴以及南亚和东南亚的叶猴。吼猴和疣猴会被大型食猴鹰捕食，而叶猴则不会。我们对单个种群群体组成数据和种群间平均群体组成数据进行回归分析，发现树栖叶猴基本都是群居的，只有一个成年雄性，而同等大小的吼猴和疣猴群体则有多个成年雄性（图3）。因此，该假设得到了支持。有几个可供选择的假设无法解释这种模式。
The number of adult males in a bisexual primate group is thought to be determined mainly by the defensibility of mating access to the females. However, among primates, small groups sometimes contain several adult male. We evaluate the hypothesis that high predation risk may lead to greater male representation in primate groups, independent of the effect of group size. Male primates are known to be more vigilant than females, and may also be better at detecting potential predators. A comparative test was done using arboreal folivores in three continents, howler monkeys in the Neotropics, colobus monkeys in Africa and langurs in South and Southeast Asia. Howlers and colobus are exposed to predation by large monkey-eating eagles, whereas the langurs are not. We conducted regression analyses on group composition data of single populations and on mean group compositions among populations, and found that the arboreal langurs basically live in groups with only a single adult males whereas groups of howler and colobus monkeys of comparable size have multiple adult males (Fig. 3). Thus, the hypothesis was supported. Several alternative hypotheses do not account for this pattern.