A Regional, Early Spring Bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii on the New England Continental Shelf
A Regional, Early Spring Bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii on the New England Continental Shelf
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DOI：
10.1029/2020jc016856
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发表时间：
2021-02
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通讯作者：
W. Smith;W. Zhang;Andrew J. Hirzel;R. Stanley;M. G. Meyer;H. Sosik;P. Alatalo;H. Oliver;Z. Sandwith;E. T. Crockford;Emily E. Peacock;Arshi Mehta;D. McGillicuddy
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作者：
W. Smith;W. Zhang;Andrew J. Hirzel;R. Stanley;M. G. Meyer;H. Sosik;P. Alatalo;H. Oliver;Z. Sandwith;E. T. Crockford;Emily E. Peacock;Arshi Mehta;D. McGillicuddy
Phaeocystis属遍布全球海洋，在欧洲、亚洲、南极、北极和北美水域以及热带、极地和温带系统中形成大量繁殖。它经常（但并非总是）将二甲基硫释放到表层，这有可能改变天气和气候模式（Charlson等人，1987；Stefels等人，1995），并显著影响硫的生物地球化学（Wang等人，2016）。此外，Phaeocystis被认为在很大程度上是浮游动物食草动物的“难吃”（Nejstgaard et al., 2007）。褐盖藻的生态学和生理学研究相对较好，但由于其所处环境的多样性，很难对其进行概括。摘要：褐盖藻属分布全球，具有相当大的生态、生物地球化学和社会影响。由于缺乏在适当尺度上的广泛观察，对其分布、生长和生态影响的认识受到限制。2018年，我们调查了新英格兰大陆架的生物动态，发现了大量的褐囊藻。根据1月至4月的卫星图像，藻华扩展到广阔的大陆架；此外，我们的观测表明，它达到了很高的生物量水平，叶绿素浓度最高超过16 μmol L，颗粒有机碳含量达到95 μmol L。最初，藻华主要局限于温度<6°C的水域，而这些水域又主要局限于靠近海岸的浅水地区。随着水华的发展，它似乎沉入了底部边界层；然而，有足够的光照和营养可供生长。该花具有很高的生产力（通过混合层综合的净群落产量平均为1.16 g C m d），并显著降低了养分浓度。长期的沿海观察表明，在楠塔基特浅滩上，Phaeocystis在春天偶尔出现，并可能扩展到大陆架上。根据研究中Phaeocystis的分布，我们认为在冬春过渡期间，它可能对新英格兰陆架的整体生产力和生态产生重大影响。
The genus Phaeocystis is distributed globally throughout the world's oceans, forming blooms in European, Asian, Antarctic, Arctic, and North American waters and in tropical, polar and temperate systems. It often (but not always) releases dimethylsulfide into the surface layer, which has the potential for altering weather and climate patterns (Charlson et al., 1987; Stefels et al., 1995), and significantly influences the biogeochemistry of sulfur (Wang et al., 2016). In addition, Phaeocystis is considered to be largely “unpalatable” to zooplankton grazers (Nejstgaard et al., 2007). The ecology and physiology of Phaeocystis are relatively well studied, but given the variety of environments the genus can occupy, it is difficult to generalize about Abstract The genus Phaeocystis is distributed globally and has considerable ecological, biogeochemical, and societal impacts. Understanding its distribution, growth and ecological impacts has been limited by lack of extensive observations on appropriate scales. In 2018, we investigated the biological dynamics of the New England continental shelf and encountered a substantial bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Based on satellite imagery during January through April, the bloom extended over broad expanses of the shelf; furthermore, our observations demonstrated that it reached high biomass levels, with maximum chlorophyll concentrations exceeding 16 μg L and particulate organic carbon levels > 95 μmol L. Initially, the bloom was largely confined to waters with temperatures <6°C, which in turn were mostly restricted to shallow areas near the coast. As the bloom progressed, it appeared to sink into the bottom boundary layer; however, enough light and nutrients were available for growth. The bloom was highly productive (net community production integrated through the mixed layer from stations within the bloom averaged 1.16 g C m d) and reduced nutrient concentrations considerably. Long-term coastal observations suggest that Phaeocystis blooms occur sporadically in spring on Nantucket Shoals and presumably expand onto the continental shelf. Based on the distribution of Phaeocystis during our study, we suggest that it can have a significant impact on the overall productivity and ecology of the New England shelf during the winter/spring transition.