A-, B- and C-type prymnesins are clade specific compounds and chemotaxonomic markers in Prymnesium parvum
A-, B- and C-type prymnesins are clade specific compounds and chemotaxonomic markers in Prymnesium parvum
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DOI：
10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.010
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
6.6
通讯作者：
Varga, Elisabeth
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Binzer, Sofie Bjornholt;Svenssen, Daniel Killerup;Varga, Elisabeth
浮游微藻（HABs）在淡水和沿海水域形成的有害水华经常导致鱼类和无脊椎动物严重死亡，给全世界的海产品造成重大经济损失。混合营养型微藻是与鱼类死亡有关的重要微藻之一。本研究筛选了26株分布广泛的细小疟原虫，以产prymnesins（一种疑似致病化感毒素）。所有被调查的菌株都产生了prymnesins，表明毒素对生物体起着重要作用。根据化合物碳主链的长度，prymnesins可分为三种类型，每种藻类只产生其中一种类型，生物地理图谱显示每种类型的prymnesins在全球分布。此外，基于ITS序列的系统发育分析显示，所有prymnesin类型和分支的单系起源可以基于有毒化合物来定义。可能是小疟原虫物种复合体中新物种的进化是由毒素类型的变化驱动的，或者它们是毒素类型变化的结果。这种化学型和种型之间的相关性从未被记录在有害微藻之前。因此，化学分类学和its型分类可用于进一步划分小疟原虫物种复合体。
Harmful blooms formed by planktonic microalgae (HABs) in both freshwater and coastal waters regularly lead to severe mortalities of fish and invertebrates causing substantial economic losses of marine products worldwide. The mixotrophic haptophyte Prymnesium parvum is one of the most important microalgae associated with fish kills. Here 26 strains of P. parvum with a wide geographical distribution were screened for the production of prymnesins, the suspected causative allelochemical toxins. All investigated strains produced prymnesins, indicating that the toxins play an important role for the organism. The prymnesins can be classified into three types based on the length of the carbon backbone of the compound and each algal strain produced only one of these types, Biogeographical mapping of the prymnesin distribution indicated a global distribution of each type. In addition, phylogenetic analyses based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences revealed monophyletic origin of all prymnesin types and clades could therefore be defined based on the toxic compound. It might be that evolution of new species within the P. parvum species complex is driven by changes in toxin type or that they are a result of it. Such a correlation between chemotype and phylotype has never been documented before for a harmful microalga. Chemotaxonomy and ITS-type classification may thus be used to further delimit the P. parvum species complex.