Space syntax and spatial cognition: or why the axial line?
Space syntax and spatial cognition: or why the axial line?
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发表时间：
2001
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通讯作者：
A. Penn
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作者：
A. Penn
空间句法研究发现，仅以特定方式表示和测量的空间配置就可以解释城市和建筑内部空间中不同地点的总体人类移动率之间的很大一部分差异。尽管似乎可以根据这些分析来解释人们“如何”移动，但他们“为什么”这样移动的问题似乎始终存在问题，因为分析不包含动机或个人认知的明确表示。该方法的预测能力的一种可能解释是，人们理解环境和决定运动行为的方式以某种方式隐含在空间句法分析中。本文探讨了空间句法理论和研究对我们理解环境认知的贡献，并解决了为什么轴向表征在经验上如此成功的问题。在回顾空间句法研究的一些相关成果的基础上，提出“认知空间”，即支持我们理解比当前视野更广泛的构型的空间，不是度量空间，而是拓扑空间或前拓扑空间。开发了从涉及探索性运动的度量可见性图中导出非度量空间的假设过程。由此产生的空间与轴图非常相似。最近使用具有视觉的模拟代理的研究证实，轴向运动模式遵循简单的随机运动规则与前向视野相结合。有人认为，空间配置在构建个体之间的交流和交易中的社会效应是基于空间中的共存，而共存是由局部视野和配置通过该视野带来运动路线的方式决定的，因此在本质上很大程度上是外体的。
Space syntax research has found that spatial configuration alone, represented and measured ina specific manner, explains a substantial proportion of the variance between aggregate humanmovement rates in different locations in both urban and building interior space. Althoughit seems possible to explain "how" people move on the basis of these analyses, thequestion of "why" they move this way has always seemed problematic since the analysiscontains no explicit representations of either motivations or individual cognition. One possibleexplanation for the predictive power of the method is that the way people understandtheir environment and decide on movement behaviours is somehow implicitly embedded inspace syntax analysis. This paper explores the contribution made by space syntax theories andresearch to our understanding of environmental cognition, and addresses the question ofwhy the axial representation is so empirically successful. On the basis of a review of some ofthe relevant findings of space syntax research, it proposes that "cognitive space", defined asthat space which supports our understanding of configurations more extensive than ourcurrent visual field, is not a metric space, but topological or pre-topological in nature. Ahypothetical process for deriving a non-metric space from the metric visibility graph involvingexploratory movement is developed. The resulting space is shown to closely resemble theaxial graph. Recent research using simulation agents with vision confirms that axial movementpatterns follow from a simple random movement rule combined with a forward facingvisual field. It is argued that the social effects of spatial configuration in structuring communicationand transaction between individuals is based on co-presence in space, and that copresenceis determined by the local visual field and the way that configuration brings movementroutes through that field, are thus largely exosomatic in nature.