Dietary management of obesity
Dietary management of obesity
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DOI：
10.1177/0148607108321707
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Astrup, Arne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Astrup, Arne
背景资料：预防体重增加、肥胖、代谢综合征和2型糖尿病的最佳饮食是减少脂肪、富含纤维、富含低能量密度碳水化合物（水果、蔬菜和全谷物产品），并限制含能量饮料的摄入。关于膳食脂肪的结果：减少随意饮食的总脂肪含量在短期内和长达7年的时间内都能减轻体重。减少脂肪的饮食，结合身体活动，可以减少几乎所有心血管疾病的危险因素，并降低2型糖尿病的发病率。在两项主要试验中，减少膳食脂肪和能量以及增加体力活动的组合已被证明可将糖尿病的发病率降低58%。在事后分析中，膳食脂肪（能量密度）的减少和纤维的增加是体重减轻和糖尿病保护作用的最强预测因素。低血糖指数和高蛋白饮食：除此之外，低血糖指数饮食是否对体重控制有任何好处还有待证明。低碳水化合物饮食可能是诱导肥胖患者减肥的一种选择，但从长远来看，非常低的富含碳水化合物的食物摄入量与健康和可口的饮食不相称。然而，有证据表明，以碳水化合物为代价，将饮食中的蛋白质含量从15%增加到20%-30%，增加了饮食的唾液分泌作用，并引起自发性体重减轻，这可能是代谢综合征和2型糖尿病患者的首选。
Background: The optimal diet for prevention of weight gain, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes is fat-reduced, fiber-rich, high in low-energy density carbohydrates (fruit, vegetables, and whole grain products), and intake of energy-containing drinks is restricted. Results on dietary fat: The reduction of the total fat content of ad libitum diets produces weight loss in both the short term and over periods as long as 7 years. A fat-reduced diet, combined with physical activity, reduces almost all risk factors for cardiovascular disease and reduces the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The combination of reduction of dietary fat and energy, and increased physical activity has been shown to reduce the incidence of diabetes by 58% in 2 major trials. In post hoc analyses, the reduction in dietary fat (energy density) and increase in fiber were the strongest predictors of weight loss and diabetes-protective effects. Low-glycemic index and high-protein diets: It remains to be shown whether a low-glycemic index diet provides any benefit to weight control beyond this. Low-carbohydrate diets may be an option for inducing weight loss in obese patients, but a very low intake of carbohydrate-rich foods is not commensurate with a healthy and palatable diet in the long term. However, there is evidence that increasing the protein content of the diet from 15% up to 20%-30%, at the expense of carbohydrates, increases the saliating effect of the diet, and induces a spontaneous weight loss, and this could turn out to be a preferred option for patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.