Lifespan and age, but not residual reproductive value or condition, are related to behaviour in wild field crickets
Lifespan and age, but not residual reproductive value or condition, are related to behaviour in wild field crickets
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DOI：
10.1111/eth.12735
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Tregenza, Tom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, David N.;David, Morgan;Tregenza, Tom
个体在一生中经常表现出长期一致的行为，称为个性。围绕资源的使用以及个体如何评价资源的各种模型试图解释群体中这些不同行为类型的维持，而评估它们是理解行为变异演变的关键。生活节奏综合症假说表明，性格差异是由不同的生活史策略造成的，更活跃/更愿意冒险的个体繁殖迅速，但早逝。然而，对野生动物的研究仅对该假设和相关假设的关键要素提供有限的支持，例如剩余繁殖价值和活动之间的负相关关系。此外，替代模型对冒险行为与短期内一致的变量（例如状况）之间的关系做出了不同的预测。为了检验这些预测，我们定期测量野生成年田蟋蟀（Gryllus Campestris）在其整个成年生活中短时间和长时间间隔离开庇护所的意愿和活动水平。我们发现一些支持生活节奏综合症影响人格的观点，因为寿命与离开庇护所和活动的意愿呈负相关。然而，蟋蟀似乎并没有保护它们的资产，因为剩余繁殖价值的估计与行为无关。尽管由于短期一致性存在相当大的差异，但这两个性状都不受表型条件的影响，无法支持我们测试的任何一个模型。我们的研究证实，行为可能与某些生活史特征共变，并强调了更难以解释的时间一致性尺度。
Individuals frequently show long-term consistency in behaviour over their lifetimes, referred to as personality. Various models, revolving around the use of resources and how they are valued by individuals, attempt to explain the maintenance of these different behavioural types within a population, and evaluating them is the key for understanding the evolution of behavioural variation. The pace-of-life syndrome hypothesis suggests that differences in personalities result from divergent life-history strategies, with more active/risk-taking individuals reproducing rapidly but dying young. However, studies of wild animals provide only limited support for key elements of this and related hypotheses, such as a negative relationship between residual reproductive value and activity. Furthermore, alternative models make divergent predictions regarding the relationship between risk-taking behaviours and variables consistent in the short-term, such as condition. To test these predictions, we regularly measured willingness to leave a shelter and the activity level of wild adult field crickets (Gryllus campestris) at both short and long intervals over their entire adult lives. We found some support for a pace-of-life syndrome influencing personality, as lifespan was negatively related to willingness to leave the shelter and activity. Crickets did not appear to protect their assets however, as estimates of residual reproductive value were not related to behaviour. Although there was considerable variance attributed to the short-term consistency, neither trait was affected by phenotypic condition, failing to support either of the models we tested. Our study confirms that behaviours may covary with some life-history traits and highlights the scales of temporal consistency that are more difficult to explain.