Agricultural practices and sustainable livelihoods: Rural transformation within the Loess Plateau, China
Agricultural practices and sustainable livelihoods: Rural transformation within the Loess Plateau, China
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农业实践和可持续生计：中国黄土高原的农村转型
DOI：
10.1016/j.apgeog.2013.03.007
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发表时间：
2013-07-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Li, Yang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tang, Qing;Bennett, Sean J.;Li, Yang
有效的农业实践可以促进和维持农村生计，特别是在中国黄土高原等快速发展和转型地区。借鉴可持续生计方法（SLA），提出并讨论了黄土高原阳沟流域农业实践与农村可持续生计的概念框架。研究发现，建设梯田、退耕还林还草、扩大果园等农业实践对农民生计资产、策略、成果和脆弱性均产生了积极而显著的影响。1997 - 2006年，阳沟流域有48.4公顷（95%）的坡耕地改作土地经营，水果销售收入和劳务销售收入占总收入的比例分别大幅提高了59%和14%。从1997年到2003年，流域社区的人均纯收入也增长了159%，而流域本身的产沙量从1998年到2007年减少了99%。新农业实践对阳沟流域农村可持续生计的积极显著影响体现在社区对粮食和补贴收入的依赖程度降低、生计策略多样化、环境指标改善等方面。新的农业用地管理实践和政策在阳沟流域的成功实施强烈表明，在黄土高原广大农村地区的类似地区也可以实现类似的转变。(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Effective agricultural practices can enable and sustain rural livelihoods, particularly in rapidly developing and transforming areas such as the Chinese Loess Plateau. Drawing from the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA), a conceptual framework for agricultural practices and sustainable rural livelihoods for the Yangou watershed within the Chinese Loess Plateau is presented and discussed. It is found that agricultural practices that include building terraces, returning sloped farmlands to forestland and grassland, and expanding orchards all have had positive and significant impacts on farmers' livelihood assets, strategies, outcomes, and vulnerabilities. From 1997 to 2006, 48.4 ha (95%) sloped farmland in the Yangou watershed was converted to new land management, and the percentages of income from fruit sale and sale of labor to total income dramatically increased by 59% and 14%, respectively. The watershed community also experienced 159% raise in per capita net income from 1997 to 2003, while the watershed itself experienced a 99% decrease in sediment yield from 1998 to 2007. These positive and significant impacts of new agricultural practices on the sustainable rural livelihoods of the Yangou watershed are evident in the community's reduced dependence upon grain and subsidies income, the diversified strategies for livelihood, and the improved environmental indices. The successful implementation of new agricultural land management practices and policies in the Yangou watershed strongly suggest that similar transformations can be achieved in similar regions throughout China's vast rural areas of the Loess Plateau. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.