Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Frequency-modulated 50 Khz Ultrasonic Vocalizations: a Tool for Uncovering the Molecular Substrates of Positive Affect
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Frequency-modulated 50 Khz Ultrasonic Vocalizations: a Tool for Uncovering the Molecular Substrates of Positive Affect
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通讯作者：
J. Burgdorf;J. Panksepp;J. Moskal
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作者：
J. Burgdorf;J. Panksepp;J. Moskal
频率调制（FM）50 kHz超声发声（USVs）反映了大鼠的积极情绪状态的证据进行了审查。人类的积极情绪状态是通过面部声音显示来测量的（例如，Duchenne微笑和笑声），接近行为和主观自我报告的感觉状态。在实验室动物中，只有面部发声显示，沿着接近行为可以测量。FM 50 kHz USV被享乐刺激独特地升高，并被厌恶刺激抑制。FM 50 kHz USV的频率与诱发刺激的奖励值呈正相关。此外，回放这些发声是有益的。50 kHz USVs的神经和药理学底物与人类积极情感状态的神经和药理学底物一致。通过实验引发FM 50 kHz USV，可以阐明积极情感的新分子基础，并且可能与人类相似。在人类中，积极的情绪状态赋予抑郁和焦虑的弹性，并促进整体健康。使用打闹游戏诱导的快乐USVs，我们已经确定了胰岛素样生长因子I和NMDA受体的NR2B亚基在积极情感状态中发挥功能性作用。从这项研究中，我们已经开发出一种有前途的新型抗抑郁药，正在进入治疗抑郁症的II期临床试验。
The evidence that frequency modulated (FM) 50 kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) reflect a positive emotional state in rats is reviewed. Positive emotional states in humans are measured by facial-vocal displays (e.g., Duchenne smiling and laughter), approach behavior, and subjective self-report of feeling states. In laboratory animals, only facial-vocal displays, along with approach behavior can be measured. FM 50 kHz USVs are uniquely elevated by hedonic stimuli and suppressed by aversive stimuli. Rates of FM 50 kHz USVs are positively correlated to the rewarding value of the eliciting stimulus. Additionally, playbacks of these vocalizations are rewarding. The neural and pharmacological substrates of 50 kHz USVs are consistent with those of human positive affective states. By experimentally eliciting FM 50 kHz USVs, the novel molecular underpinning of positive affect can be elucidated and may be similar to those in humans. In humans, positive emotional states confer resilience to depression and anxiety, as well as promote overall health. Using rough-and-tumble play induced hedonic USVs, we have identified insulin like growth factor I and the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor as playing a functional role in positive affective states. From this research, we have developed a promising new class of antidepressants that is entering phase II clinical trials for the treatment of depression.