Fish, a Mediterranean source of n-3 PUFA: benefits do not justify limiting consumption
Fish, a Mediterranean source of n-3 PUFA: benefits do not justify limiting consumption
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DOI：
10.1017/s0007114514003742
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Gil, Fernando
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gil, Angel;Gil, Fernando
鱼是能量、优质蛋白质、脂肪、维生素和矿物质的重要来源。在脂质中，以EPA和DHA为主的n-3长链PUFA （n-3 LC PUFA）具有促进健康和预防疾病的重要作用。与食用鱼类的潜在健康益处相反，海产品中所含的某些化学污染物，即重金属和某些有机化合物，已成为一个令人关切的问题，特别是对经常食用鱼类和敏感人群而言。本文综述了食用鱼类的健康益处和风险。n-3 LC-PUFA是细胞膜的关键化合物，从受孕到人类发育、成熟和衰老的每个阶段都对人体健康起着重要作用。DHA在胎儿发育和生命最初2年的大脑和视网膜发育中起着重要作用，并对神经发育，主要是视力和认知功能产生积极影响。n-3 LC-PUFA在预防心血管事件（主要是中风和急性心肌梗死）方面也很有效，特别是在心血管高危人群中。相比之下，有令人信服的证据表明，由于母亲在怀孕期间食用鱼类，胎儿发育期间甲基汞暴露与婴幼儿的不良神经/神经发育结局有关。受污染鱼类中的二恶英和多氯联苯也可能对婴儿和成人产生风险。然而，对于成年人的主要健康结果，绝大多数流行病学研究已经证明，除了敏感人群中少数选定的物种外，摄入鱼类的好处超过了潜在的风险。
Fish is an important source of energy, high-quality proteins, fat, vitamins and minerals. Within lipids, n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LC PUFA), mainly EPA and DHA, play an important role in health promotion and disease prevention. In contrast to the potential health benefits of dietary fish intake, certain chemical pollutants, namely heavy metals and some organic compounds, contained in seafood have emerged as an issue of concern, particularly for frequent fish consumers and sensitive groups of populations. The present review summarises the health benefits and risks of fish consumption. n-3 LC-PUFA are key compounds of cell membranes and play an important role in human health from conception through every stage of human development, maturation and ageing. DHA has a major role in the development of brain and retina during fetal development and the first 2 years of life and positively influences neurodevelopment, mainly visual acuity and cognitive functions. n-3 LC-PUFA are also effective in preventing cardiovascular events (mainly stroke and acute myocardial infarction) especially in persons with high cardiovascular risk. By contrast, there is convincing evidence of adverse neurological/neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants and young children associated with methylmercury exposure during fetal development due to maternal fish consumption during pregnancy. Dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls present in contaminated fish may also develop a risk for both infants and adults. However, for major health outcomes among adults, the vast majority of epidemiological studies have proven that the benefits of fish intake exceed the potential risks with the exception of a few selected species in sensitive populations.