Regulation and regulatory activities of transforming growth factor β
Regulation and regulatory activities of transforming growth factor β
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DOI：
10.1615/critreveukaryotgeneexpr.v9.i1.30
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Bonewald, LF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bonewald, LF
转化生长因子β（TGF β）在生长因子中是独特的，其作用强而广泛。几乎身体中的每一个细胞都被证明可以产生某种形式的TGF β，几乎每一个细胞都有TGF β的受体。因此，很明显，必须严格调节这种生长因子以预防疾病。TGF β的调节机制广泛而复杂。一组机制围绕着这样的事实，即TGF β是以潜在的形式产生的，必须被激活才能产生生物活性的TGF β。这些机制包括分子的潜伏性、各种潜伏形式的产生、其靶向细胞以用于活化或靶向基质以用于储存以及潜伏形式的活化方式。TGF β同种型及其受体的类型、亲和力和信号传导功能也增加了TGF β作用调节的复杂性。活性TGF β调节体内的许多过程。TGF β具有三种主要的生物学作用：生长抑制、刺激细胞外基质形成和免疫抑制。TGF β调节其影响的众多基因表达的方法是复杂的，需要更多的信息。TGF β调节基因表达的手段和TGF β的作用被调节的手段在这篇评论中得到解决。
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is unique among growth factors in its potent and widespread actions. Almost every cell in the body has been shown to make some form of TGF beta, and almost every cell has receptors for TGF beta. Therefore, it becomes apparent that this growth factor must be tightly regulated to prevent disease. The mechanisms of regulation of TGF beta are extensive and complex. One set of mechanisms centers around the fact that TGF beta is produced in a latent form that must be activated to produce biologically active TGF beta. These mechanisms include the latency of the molecule, the production of various latent forms, its targeting to cells for activation or to matrix for storage, and the means of activation of the latent forms. The TGF beta isoforms and the types, affinity, and signaling functions of its receptors also add complexity to the regulation of the effects of TGF beta. Active TGF beta regulates numerous processes in the body. TGF beta has three major biological effects: growth inhibition, stimulation of extracellular matrix formation, and immunosuppression. The means by which TGF beta regulates the expression of the numerous genes on which it has effects are complex and more information is needed. The means by which TGF beta regulates gene expression and the means by which the actions of TGF beta are regulated are addressed in this review.