Studies on the Taxonomy and Serology of Causative Organisms of Fish Vibriosis
Studies on the Taxonomy and Serology of Causative Organisms of Fish Vibriosis
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鱼类弧菌病病原菌的分类学和血清学研究
DOI：
10.3147/jsfp.14.167
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发表时间：
1980
期刊：
影响因子：
0.6
通讯作者：
Takahisa Kimura
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Tajima;Y. Ezura;Takahisa Kimura
对日本各地淡水或海水养殖的11种受弧菌病影响的鱼类中分离出的219株细菌进行了分类研究。首先，我们试图根据Bergey's Manual，第8版（1974）来识别这些菌株。鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）及其相关生物约占检测菌株的90%，被证实为弧菌病的致病生物。然后，我们试图用103个有代表性的菌株进行数值分类，以澄清这些生物的关系。103株中89株被划分为5个主要分类群（表型I-V），相似性≥80%。Phenon I由64株经鉴定为V. anguillarum组成。Phenon II含有16株弧菌（对应于SCHIEWE et al., 1981）。phenon II中的所有生物都是从淡水养殖的鲑科中分离出来的。Phenons III和IV分别由2株梅茨尼科夫弧菌和5株副溶血性弧菌组成。Phenon V含有从鳀鱼（Eugraulis japonica）和黄尾鱼（serola quinqueradiata）中分离的两株菌株。14个单成员簇属于其他种或属。接下来，我们检查了每个现象的代表性菌株之间的DNA-DNA同源性，以及五个现象与六个单个成员簇之间的DNA-DNA同源性。从结果来看，我们证实了现象I和II不同于现象III、IV、V和单个成员簇。根据数量分类，我们认为表现型ⅰ与表现型ⅱ差异明显，相似性小于57%；然而，DNA-DNA同源性的结果表明，这两个现象可能属于同一物种。随后，我们用另外的分离株对phenon I和phenon II的V. anguillarum的耐热性和耐热性抗原进行了血清学分析。结果表明，含热稳定性抗原的鳗鲡可分为8个血清学类群（J-O-1-J-O-8）。然而，超过90%的人被归类为J-O-1-J-O-3。此外，J-O-1型中80%的菌株从淡水养殖的鱼类中分离出来，J-O-3型中80%以上的菌株从海水养殖的鱼类中分离出来。属于J-O-2的菌株来源未明确。J-O-4、J-O-5、J-O-6和J-O-7各1株，但均从病鱼中分离得到。因此，这些菌株在日本鱼类弧菌病的相关诊断和预防中值得注意。属于J-O-8的菌株仅从海洋环境中分离出来，毒性较弱。它们在鱼类养殖环境中的存在就鱼类弧菌病的流行病学而言是有趣的。从淡水养殖的鲑科中分离得到的2型鳗源性弧菌与1型鳗源性弧菌具有共同的热稳定抗原（J-O-1），因此用热稳定抗原进行血清分型不能将其与1型鳗源性弧菌区分开来。然而，我们发现它们可以通过耐热抗原来区分。我们还发现所有的鳗弧菌（现象1和II）都具有一个共同的耐热性抗原。
Taxonomic studies were performed on two hundred nineteen bacterial isolates from eleven species of fish affected by vibriosis reared in fresh water or sea water all over Japan. First, we tried to identify these strains according to Bergey's Manual, 8th ed. (1974). Vibrio anguillarum and related organisms, accounting for about 90% of the strains tested, were confirmed to be causative organisms of vibriosis. Then we attempted to clarify the relationship of these organisms by numerical taxonomy with 103 representative strains. Eighty-nine of the 103 strains were classified into five major taxons (phenon I-V) with similarities of ≥ 80%. Phenon I was comprised of 64 strains identified as V. anguillarum. Phenon II contained 16 strains of Vibrio sp. (corresponding to V. ordalii by SCHIEWE et al., 1981). All of the organisms in phenon II were isolated from salmonidae reared in fresh water. Phenons III and IV consisted of the two reference strains of V. metschnikovii and five of V. parahaemolyticus, respectively. Phenon V contained two strains which were isolated from the anchovy (Eugraulis japonica) and the yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata). Fourteen single member-clusters belonged to other species or genera. Next, we examined the DNA-DNA homology among representative strains of each phenon, and between the five phenons and the six single member-clusters. From the results, we confirmed that phenons I and II differed from phenons III, IV, V and the single member-clusters. According to the numerical taxonomy, we considered phenon I to be clearly different from phenon II with similarities of less than 57%; however, the results of the DNA-DNA homology indicated that the two phenons probably belonged to the same species. Subsequently, we carried out a serological analysis of thermostable and thermolabile antigens of the V. anguillarum of phenon I and phenon II with additional isolates. The results showed that with thermostable antigens V. anguillarum could be separated into eight serological groups (J-O-1-J-O-8). However, more than 90% of them were classified as J-O-1-J-O-3. Furthermore 80% of the strains belonging to J-O-1 were isolated from fish reared in fresh water and more than 80% of the strains in J-O-3 were isolated from fish reared in sea water. The sources of the strains belonging to J-O-2 were not specified. There was only one strain belonging to each of J-O-4, J-O-5, J-O-6 and J-O-7, but all of them were isolated from diseased fish. So these strains are worthy of notice in relation diagnosis and prevention against fish vibriosis in Japan. The strains belonging to J-O-8 were isolated from the sea environment only, and were only slightly virulent. Their existence in the fish culture environments is interesting in regard to the epidemiology of fish vibriosis. The V. anguillarum of phenon II, which were all isolated from salmonidae reared in fresh water, possessed a common thermostable antigen (J-O-1) with the V. anguillarum of phenon I. Therefore they could not be distinguished from the V. anguillarum of phenon I by serotyping using the thermostable antigen. However, we found that they could be distinguished by a thermolabile antigen. We also found that all of the V. anguillarum (phenons I and II) possessed a common thermolabile antigen.