Imbodela zamakhumsha – Reflections on standardization and destandardization
Imbodela zamakhumsha – Reflections on standardization and destandardization
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Imbodela zamakhumsha – 对标准化和非标准化的思考
DOI：
10.1515/mult.2010.012
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Ana Deumert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ana Deumert
虽然标准化的概念在语言学中已经确立，但去标准化是最近才加入到语言学术语中。利用来自南非土著语言之一isiXhosa的史学和人种学数据，本文对这两个概念进行了反思。标准化是作为一种现代主义的宏大叙事来讨论的，这种叙事在语言思维中的持续应用已经超出了它的用途，而标准语言（霸权语言、规范语言等）可能被归入贝克的（《理论、文化与社会》19:17-44,2002）现代性的僵尸类别。本文从民族志词典学的角度讨论了伊西科萨语白兰地语的例子（Silverstein，《人类学年度评论》35:481-496,2006），主张从语言学的角度关注社会意义的表达和再现，将其作为语言惯例或说话方式形成的中心机制。它提倡承认说话者的实践，因为他们利用标准和非标准的形式，以及与之相关的意义和意识形态（一/二阶索引性），在日常谈话中将自己定位为具有身份、历史、愿望和意识形态立场的社会存在。
Abstract While the concept of standardization is well-established in linguistics, destandardization is a more recent addition to linguistic terminology. Drawing on historiographic and ethnographic data from isiXhosa, one of South Africa's indigenous languages, this paper reflects on both of these concepts. Standardization is discussed as a modernist grand narrative whose continued application to linguistic thinking has outlived its usefulness, and standard languages as such (hegemonoc, prescriptive, etc.) might be assigned to Beck's (Theory, Culture & Society 19: 17–44, 2002) zombie categories of modernity. Discussing the example of brandy-talk in isiXhosa from the perspective of ethnographic lexicography (Silverstein, Annual Review of Anthropology 35: 481–496, 2006), the paper argues for a linguistic perspective which focuses on the articulation and reproduction of social meaning as a central mechanism in the formation of linguistic conventions or ways of speaking. It advocates a recognition of the practices of speakers as they draw on standard and non-standard forms, as well as their associated meanings and ideologies (first/second order indexicality), in positioning themselves as social beings with identities, histories, aspirations, and ideological stances in everyday talk.