China's coastal wetlands: conservation history, implementation efforts, existing issues and strategies for future improvement.
China's coastal wetlands: conservation history, implementation efforts, existing issues and strategies for future improvement.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.017
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发表时间：
2015-06
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Zhigao Sun;Wenguang Sun;C. Tong;C. Zeng;Xiang Yu;X. Mou
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhigao Sun;Wenguang Sun;C. Tong;C. Zeng;Xiang Yu;X. Mou
截至2014年，中国约有5.80 × 106 ha滨海湿地，占天然湿地总面积的10.82%。健康的滨海湿地生态系统对保障我国国土生态安全和海岸带可持续发展具有重要作用。本文介绍了中国滨海湿地的自然地理和历史与现状，并对建国以来中国滨海湿地保护的五个阶段（20世纪50 - 70年代、80 -1991年、1992-2002年、2003-2010年和2011年至今）进行了区分和评述。几十年来，中国在滨海湿地保护方面做出了巨大努力，实施了滨海湿地恢复工程，建设了滨海湿地自然保护区，开展了例行生态监测和两次全国湿地调查，颁布了地方性湿地保护法规和专项条例，建立了协调机制，提高了管理能力，广泛开展滨海湿地研究和公众参与，广泛交流加强国际合作。但是，我国滨海湿地保护中存在的六大问题也比较突出，包括污染和人类活动的威胁日益加剧、威胁因子对生态系统功能的不利影响日益加剧、海岸侵蚀和海平面上升的威胁日益加剧、滨海湿地保护资金不足、滨海湿地保护法律的和管理体系不健全、教育不足等。研究和国际合作。尽管中国沿海湿地保护面临的威胁和压力仍然很明显，但中国沿海湿地的未来是光明的，因为中国政府认识到，沿海地区的可持续发展需要新的态度、合理的政策和各级的共同努力。今后中国沿海湿地保护的主要对策是：针对主要威胁因素，探索有效措施;完善沿海湿地保护与补偿制度;加强沿海湿地立法与管理;增加沿海湿地保护与研究经费;加强沿海湿地教育与国际合作。
China has approximately 5.80 × 106ha coastal wetlands by 2014, accounting for 10.82% of the total area of natural wetlands. Healthy coastal wetland ecosystems play an important role in guaranteeing the territory ecological security and the sustainable development of coastal zone in China. In this paper, the natural geography and the past and present status of China's coastal wetlands were introduced and the five stages (1950s–1970s, 1980s–1991, 1992–2002, 2003–2010 and 2011–present) of China's coastal wetlands conservation from the foundation of the People's Republic in 1949 to present were distinguished and reviewed. Over the past decades, China has made great efforts in coastal wetland conservation, as signified by the implementation of coastal wetland restoration projects, the construction of coastal wetland nature reserves, the practice of routine ecological monitoring and two national wetland surveys, the promulgation of local wetland conservation statutes and specific regulations, the coordination mechanism to enhance management capacity, the wide development of coastal wetland research and public participation, and the extensive communication to strengthen international cooperation. Nonetheless, six major issues recently emerged in China's coastal wetland conservation are evidently existed, including the increasing threats of pollution and human activities, the increasing adverse effects of threaten factors on ecosystem function, the increasing threats of coastal erosion and sea-level rising, the insufficient funding for coastal wetlands conservation, the imperfect legal and management system for coastal wetlands, and the insufficient education, research and international cooperation. Although the threats and pressures on coastal wetlands conservation are still apparent, the future of China's coastal wetlands looks promising since the Chinese government understands that the sustainable development in coastal zone requires new attitudes, sound policies and concerted efforts at all levels. The major strategies for future improvement of China's coastal wetland conservation include: exploring effective measures in response to major threaten factors; improving the conservation and compensation system for coastal wetlands; strengthening coastal wetland legislation and management; increasing funds for coastal wetland conservation and research; and strengthening coastal wetland education and international cooperation.