Research progress of geophysical vector magnetic field survey technology
Research progress of geophysical vector magnetic field survey technology
复制标题
DOI：
10.1360/n972017-00010
复制
发表时间：
2017-05
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jun Lin;Shu Diao;Yang Zhang;Jing Zhao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jun Lin;Shu Diao;Yang Zhang;Jing Zhao
矢量磁测技术是工程和环境物探中最有效的方法之一。与测量磁场总强度或磁场梯度的传统物探磁测方法相比，矢量磁测可以同时获得地球磁场的模量和方向信息，可以有效减少数据反演的多重性，有助于对磁体进行定量解释，获得更精确的磁场资源信息和特征。从而提高地下目标体的探测分辨率和定位精度。本文根据不同的应用领域，分别综述了地面矢量磁测量技术、油井矢量磁测量技术、海洋矢量磁测量技术、航空矢量磁测量技术和卫星矢量磁测量技术的应用现状、技术特点和仪器发展情况。地面矢量磁测量作为矢量磁测量技术的基本方法，发展最早，技术最成熟。地面矢量磁测量仪器系统精度高，工作性能可靠。但也存在探测深度浅、工作效率低等问题。井向磁测量是地球深部矿产资源勘查的有效工具之一。它可以完成地矢量磁测量所不能完成的探测工作。但由于井内井径和高温的限制，仪器系统的检测精度低于地磁仪。海洋矢量磁测在军事或其他海洋工程的应用中具有不可替代的作用。其工作方式由船舶拖拽方式转变为小型无人潜航器，可以更精确地测量水下磁异常。航空矢量磁测具有探测速度快、效率高、对地球物理环境实用性强等优点。但由于电磁干扰和航母姿态的变化，使得探测精度降低。还需要对航空三分量和全张量磁梯度的磁补偿和数据处理方法进行研究。卫星矢量磁测可以获得高质量的全地球磁场数据。与国外的研究相比，中国近年来开展了大量的卫星矢量磁测量工作，但发展较晚，技术相对落后。要充分利用中国航天事业发展的机遇，积极开展卫星矢量磁测的研究工作。总之，每种磁测方法都有其独特的优点和缺点。任何单一的方法都难以满足现代地球物理探测应用的要求。随着磁测技术和仪器系统的发展，未来的磁测工作将从传统的工作模式，e。，测量磁场总强度或其梯度到磁场矢量信息，然后进行多参数测量。磁测应用领域将从传统的效率低、探测深度浅的地面磁测方法向高效率的航空磁测、深井磁测和深海磁测发展，再逐步向上述五种磁测方法联合探测解释发展。通过多种探测方法的结合，实现优势互补，进一步提高地磁场的探测精度和反演分辨率。
Vector magnetic survey technique is one of the most effective methods for engineering and environmental geophysical exploration. Compared with the traditional geophysical magnetic survey methods, i.e., measurement of the total magnetic field intensity or its gradient, vector magnetic survey can simultaneously obtain the modulus and direction information of the earth magnetic field, which can effectively reduce the multiplicity on data inversion, contribute to the quantitative interpretation of the magnetic body and obtain more precise information and characteristics of magnetic field resource, so as to improve the detection resolution and positioning accuracy of the underground target body. In this paper, based on different application fields, we summarize the application situation, the technical feature and the instrument development of ground vector magnetic survey technique, wells vector magnetic survey technique, marine vector magnetic survey technique, airborne vector magnetic survey technique and satellites vector magnetic survey technique, respectively. As the basic method of the vector magnetic survey technique, ground vector magnetic survey development is the earliest and the technique is the most mature. The accuracy of the instrument system for ground vector magnetic survey is high and the working performance is reliable. But there are also some problems, e.g., the detection depth is shallow and working efficiency is low. Wells vector magnetic survey is one useful tool for the earth’s deep mineral resources exploration. It can finish the detection work that the ground vector magnetic measurement can’t do. But due to the limit of the bore diameter and the high temperature in well, the detection accuracy of the instrument system is lower than the ground magnetic instrument. Marine vector magnetic survey has the irreplaceable effect in the application of military or other ocean engineering. Its working mode changes from the method of ship drag-and-drop to small unmanned underwater vehicle, which can measure more precise underwater magnetic anomaly. Airborne vector magnetic survey has the superiority of fast detection, high efficiency and strong practicality to geophysical environment, etc. But because of magnetic interference and the posture change of the aircraft carrier, detection accuracy reduces. The study of magnetic compensation and data processing methods of aero three-component and full-tensor magnetic gradient is also needed. Satellites vector magnetic survey can obtain high-quality and whole global magnetic field data. Compared with the research abroad, the development of satellites vector magnetic survey in China is later and the technique is relatively backward although lots of exploration work has been done in recent years. We should take full advantage of the opportunity of China aerospace business development to actively carry out research work for the satellites vector magnetic survey. In conclusion, each magnetic survey method has its unique superiority and defect. Any single method has difficulty meeting the requirement of modern geophysical detection application. With the development of magnetic survey technique and instrument system, the future magnetic survey will change from the traditional work mode, i . e ., measuring the total magnetic field intensity or its gradient to the vector information of magnetic field, then to multi-parameter measurements. The magnetic survey application field will change from the traditional ground magnetic survey method with low efficiency and shallow detection depth to high efficient airborne magnetic survey, deep well magnetic survey and abysmal sea magnetic survey, then gradually to the joint detection and interpretation combining with the five kinds of magnetic survey methods mentioned above. Through the combination of a variety of detection methods to realize advantageous complementarities, further improvement of detection accuracy and inversion resolution for earth magnetic field will be implemented.