A System-Theoretic Study of the Hydrologic Cycle in the Basin of Lake Biwa
A System-Theoretic Study of the Hydrologic Cycle in the Basin of Lake Biwa
复制标题
琵琶湖流域水文循环的系统论研究
DOI：
10.9746/sicetr1965.13.200
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Arimoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Shimizu;Kazuo Kubo;S. Arimoto
水文循环的各种问题已作了大量的工作。对从降水到蒸发的循环过程中的每一个过程都进行了详细的研究。在自然界的真实的环境中，这些自然过程是相互依存的。然而，在大范围的真实的自然条件下，建立水文循环的全系统模型的研究却很少。本文研究了水文循环中琵琶湖从降水到蒸发的水量平衡。为了表达琵琶湖流域的日水量平衡，提出了一个数学模型。该模型由1）水箱模型和2）水量平衡方程组成。本文采用M。Sugawara的径流分析是由一个四维分段线性差分系统与相应的蓄水位和降水量的输入对应的内部状态。水量平衡方程被认为是一个观测过程，因为方程中某些分量的观测数据，如水面和湖泊的释放流量，是相当准确和可靠的。在此基础上，应用系统理论状态估计方法，对流域的蓄水位和蒸散量进行了不可观测的估计，并对流域降水量计算中的不可靠数据进行了修正。因此，内部状态的水文循环在比瓦湖流域及其相互依存关系进行了分析。
Abstract Much work has been done on various problems of the hydrologic cycle. Each process of the cycle from precipitation to evaporation has been studied detailedly but rather separately. In the real circumstances of nature, these natural processes are interdependent each other. Nevertheless few studies have been carried out to build up a total system model for the hydrologic cycle under real and natural circumstances in a vast area. This paper investigates the water “balance of Lake Biwa from precipitation to evaporation in a hydrologic cycle. To express daily water balances in the basin of Lake Biwa, a mathematical model is proposed. The model consists of 1) Tank Model and 2) water balance equation. The four-tank model which was proposed by M. Sugawara for the runoff analysis is described by a four-dimensional piecewise linear difference system with internal states corresponding to water storage levels and inputs corresponding to the precipitation. The water balance equation is regarded as an observation process, since observation data on some components of the equation such as the water surface level and the release flow of the lake are considerably accurate and reliable. Based on these observation data, system-the-oretic state estimation methods are applied to the model, thereby unobservable quantities of the water storage levels and the evapotranspiration can be estimated and unreliable data on the calculation of the amount of precipitation in the basin can be corrected. Thus, internal states of the hydrologic cycle in the basin of Lake Biva and their interdependences are analyzed.