Viscosities of solutions of polyvinyl chloride
Viscosities of solutions of polyvinyl chloride
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DOI：
10.1021/ja01254a020
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发表时间：
1942-01-01
影响因子：
15
通讯作者：
Fuoss, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mead, DJ;Fuoss, RM
介绍我们已经发现，常数a的方程。(1)在分级聚氯乙烯电性能的研究中，用溶液粘度作为相对分子量的量度。2本文系统地研究了聚氯乙烯溶液的粘度，考察了温度、剪切速率、浓度、时间和溶剂等因素对粘度的影响。研究了以不同方式制备的氯乙烯聚合物，包括分馏和未分馏样品的结果。在讨论这些溶液的粘度时，使用相对粘度yr是方便的;这个量被定义为在相同温度下溶液的粘度与溶剂770的粘度之比。如果在77年，对浓度作图，得到在低浓度下接近线性的曲线。如果浓度以每100 cc溶质的克数表示，则该曲线在零浓度时的极限斜率为[77]，即Kraemer引入的“特性粘度”8。解决方案。对于高聚合度的线型聚合物，特性粘度与分子量成正比。2-6本文将以每升单体的浓度（Staudinger的“Grundmole”）表示c，使c等于每升单体单元的当量数，而与聚合度、支化度或多分散度无关。相对粘度的对数随着浓度的接近而接近于零，但是比率（In 77 r）/c接近于恒定的极限值。我们将当量粘度X定义为比值（In r…）/e，因为它测量的是每当量单体的粘度增量。在低浓度下，X与浓度呈线性关系
Introduction We have found that the constant a of Eq.(1) is In connection with a study of the electrical properties of fractionated polyvinyl chloride, 1 the viscosity in solution was used as a measure of rela-tive molecular weights. 2 The purpose ofthis paper is to present a systematic study of the vis-cosities of solutions of polyvinyl chloride, in which the effects of temperature, rate of shear, concen-tration, timeand solvent were investigated. Vinyl chloride polymers prepared in different ways were investigated, and results on both fractionated and unfractionated samples are included. It is convenient to use the relative viscosity yr in discussing the viscositiesof these solutions; this quantity is defined as the ratio of the viscos-ity of a solution to that of the solvent 770 at the same temperature. If In 77,. is plotted against concentration, a curve is obtained which approaches linearity at low concentrations. The limiting slope of this curve at zero concentra-tion is [77], the “intrinsic viscosity’’introduced by Kraemer, 8 if concentrations are expressed in grams of solute per 100 cc. of solution. For linear poly-mers of high degree of polymerization, the intrin-sic viscosity is proportional to molecular weight. 2-6 In this paper, we shall express the concentra-tion c in monomoles (Staudinger’s “Grundmole”) per liter, so that c equals thenumber of equivalents of monomeric units per liter, and is independ-ent of degree of polymerization, branching or polydispersion. The logarithm of the relative viscosity approaches zero as the concentration approaches zero, but the ratio (In 77r)/c approaches a constant limiting value. We define X, the equivalent viscosity, as the ratio (In r¡,)/e because it measures the viscosity increment per equivalent of monomer. At low concentrations, X is linear in concentration