Locomotion in bonobos (Pan paniscus):: differences and similarities between bipedal and quadrupedal terrestrial walking, and a comparison with other locomotor modes
Locomotion in bonobos (Pan paniscus):: differences and similarities between bipedal and quadrupedal terrestrial walking, and a comparison with other locomotor modes
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DOI：
10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00292.x
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Aerts, P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Août, K;Vereecke, E;Aerts, P
古人类学中正在进行的一大争论是原始人何时以及如何获得习惯性的两足运动。新采用的两足步态和祖先的四足步态通常被认为是非常不同的，每种习惯性的运动模式都显示出相应的解剖学适应。Bonobos(Paniscus)和普通黑猩猩(P.trogldytes)是人类现存的最接近的近亲，它们的活动对于与其他灵长类动物进行比较和深入了解人类两足能力的获得具有重要价值。矮黑猩猩是习惯性的四足动物，但它们也会进行两足运动，无论是在陆地上还是在树上。在运动学和动力学方面，两足行走和四足行走之间的对比似乎比人们想象的要微妙得多。除了躯干在两足动物运动时大约直立37度外，腿的运动非常相似。除了脚跟，脚底压力分布在两足和四足运动之间显示出细微的差异。无论如何，可变性很高，各种中间形式的运动(如三足行走)在圈养和野生环境中都存在。此外，步行和其他运动模式的特征之间存在重叠，正如我们用斜杆行走和垂直下蹲跳跃的新数据所表明的那样。我们认为，在黑猩猩的许多运动模式之间有很大的重叠，所需的多价性反映在它们的解剖中。这可能会阻碍一种高度专业化的步态(即两足行走)的发展，这将限制其他类型的运动的性能。
One of the great ongoing debates in palaeo-anthropology is when, and how, hominids acquired habitual bipedal locomotion. The newly adopted bipedal gait and the ancestral quadrupedal gait are most often considered as very distinct, with each habitual locomotor mode showing corresponding anatomical adaptations. Bonobos (Pan paniscus), along with common chimpanzees (P. troglodytes), are the closest living relatives to humans and their locomotion is valuable for comparison with other primates, and to gain an insight in the acquisition of human bipedalism. Bonobos are habitual quadrupeds, but they also engage in bipedal locomotion, both on terrestrial and in arboreal substrates. In terms of kinematics and dynamics, the contrast between bipedal and quadrupedal walking seems to be more subtle than one might expect. Apart from the trunk being approximately 37degrees more erect during bipedal locomotion, the leg movements are rather similar. Apart from the heel, plantar pressure distributions show subtle differences between bipedal and quadrupedal locomotion. Regardless, variability is high, and various intermediate forms of locomotion (e.g. tripedal walking) exist both in captivity and in the wild. Moreover, there is overlap between the characteristics of walking and other locomotor modes, as we show with new data of walking on an inclined pole and of vertical squat jumps. We suggest that there is great overlap between the many locomotor modes in bonobos, and that the required polyvalence is reflected in their anatomy. This may hamper the development of one highly specialized gait (i.e. bipedalism), which would constrain performance of the other types of locomotion.