The genome of cultivated peanut provides insight into legume karyotypes, polyploid evolution and crop domestication
The genome of cultivated peanut provides insight into legume karyotypes, polyploid evolution and crop domestication
复制标题
栽培花生的基因组提供了对豆科植物核型、多倍体进化和作物驯化的深入了解
DOI：
10.1038/s41588-019-0402-2
复制
发表时间：
2019-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
30.8
通讯作者：
Varshney, Rajeev K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhuang, Weijian;Chen, Hua;Varshney, Rajeev K.
高含油量和高蛋白质含量使四倍体花生成为重要的油脂和食用豆类。在这里，我们报告了一个高质量的花生基因组序列，包括2.54 Gb， 20个假分子和83,709个蛋白质编码基因模型。我们描述了涉及种子大小进化、种子含油量、抗病和共生固氮的基因功能群。花生B亚基因组有更多的基因和普遍的表达优势，暂时与A亚基因组的长末端重复扩增有关，这也提出了关于A基因组祖先的问题。多倍体基因组为花生和其他豆科植物染色体的进化提供了见解。对52份材料的重测序表明，独立驯化形成了花生生态型。42 - 47万年前（Ma）的多倍体限制了花生的遗传变异，而花生的基因组序列有助于定位和候选基因的发现，如种子大小和颜色、叶片抗病性等，也为功能基因组学和花生改良提供了基础。
High oil and protein content make tetraploid peanut a leading oil and food legume. Here we report a high-quality peanut genome sequence, comprising 2.54 Gb with 20 pseudomolecules and 83,709 protein-coding gene models. We characterize gene functional groups implicated in seed size evolution, seed oil content, disease resistance and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. The peanut B subgenome has more genes and general expression dominance, temporally associated with long-terminal-repeat expansion in the A subgenome that also raises questions about the A-genome progenitor. The polyploid genome provided insights into the evolution ofArachis hypogaeaand other legume chromosomes. Resequencing of 52 accessions suggests that independent domestications formed peanut ecotypes. Whereas 0.42–0.47 million years ago (Ma) polyploidy constrained genetic variation, the peanut genome sequence aids mapping and candidate-gene discovery for traits such as seed size and color, foliar disease resistance and others, also providing a cornerstone for functional genomics and peanut improvement.