Individual differences in strategies for syllogistic reasoning
Individual differences in strategies for syllogistic reasoning
复制标题
三段论推理策略的个体差异
DOI：
10.1080/13546780343000196
复制
发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
S. Newstead
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Bacon;S. Handley;S. Newstead
目前的推理理论，如心理模型或心理逻辑假设一个普遍的认知机制，人类推理性能的基础。然而，有证据表明情况并非如此，例如，福特（1995）的工作，他发现有些人在三段论推理任务中主要采用空间策略和一些言语策略。使用书面和有声思维协议，本研究证实了这些个体差异的存在。然而，与福特形成鲜明对比的是，本研究发现两组之间的推理表现在准确性或得出的结论类型方面几乎没有差异。因此，尽管推理过程存在潜在的差异，但推理者呈现出普遍存在的外表。这些发现对推理的理论解释以及对推理数据建模的尝试具有影响。任何全面的解释都需要考虑到战略差异，以及这些差异在逻辑上未经训练的个体中是如何发展的。
Current theories of reasoning such as mental models or mental logic assume a universal cognitive mechanism that underlies human reasoning performance. However, there is evidence that this is not the case, for example, the work of Ford (1995), who found that some people adopted predominantly spatial and some verbal strategies in a syllogistic reasoning task. Using written and think-aloud protocols, the present study confirmed the existence of these individual differences. However, in sharp contrast to Ford, the present study found few differences in reasoning performance between the two groups, in terms of accuracy or type of conclusion generated. Hence, reasoners present an outward appearance of ubiquity, despite underlying differences in reasoning processes. These findings have implications for theoretical accounts of reasoning, and for attempts to model reasoning data. Any comprehensive account needs to account for strategic differences and how these may develop in logically untrained individuals.