Reducing Road Transport Emissions in Europe: Investigating A Demand Side Driven Approach †
Reducing Road Transport Emissions in Europe: Investigating A Demand Side Driven Approach †
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减少欧洲道路运输排放：研究需求侧驱动方法 †
DOI：
10.3390/su12187594
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
M. Ringel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Enzmann;M. Ringel
欧盟的目标是到2050年实现净零排放。实现这一目标的一个关键部门是公路运输，其排放没有减少的迹象，但仍在继续增长。对欧盟成员国和20国集团为减少交通运输排放而采取的政策的回顾表明，目前和计划中的政策都侧重于具有约束力的供给侧措施，但只提供了微弱的需求侧激励。为了解决这种不平衡，我们通过专家访谈设计过程开发了一个下游的需求侧政策原型。我们称这个原型为“总量管制和交出”，因为它对道路排放设定上限，然后将可交易的排放额度分配给司机在每次加油时交出的个别车辆。补贴定价，无论是由国家还是在二级市场上，都旨在激励该部门的脱碳。尽管该系统将需要大量投资，但其为国家带来的收入潜力应该是这一投资的几倍。我们讨论了该政策的潜在经济、环境和社会影响，这是由欧洲交通专家评估的。我们发现，这种方法能够以有效和经济高效的方式实现显著的交通减排。通过适当设计国家分配规则和逐步实行限额和退保，可以减轻潜在的负面社会后果，并促进公众对这项政策的接受。
The European Union aims at net-zero emissions by 2050. A key sector to achieve this goal is road transport, where emissions show no signs of reducing but continue to grow. A review of policies undertaken by EU member states and the G20 to reduce transport emissions reveals that both present and planned policies focus on binding supply-side measures, but offer only weak demand-side incentives. To address this imbalance, we developed a downstream, demand-side policy prototype through an expert interview design process. We call the prototype “cap-and-surrender” because it caps road emissions, and then allocates tradable emission allowances to individual vehicles that drivers surrender at each fill-up. Allowance pricing, both by the state and in the secondary market, is designed to incentivize decarbonization of the sector. Though the system would require significant investment, its revenue potential to the state should exceed this investment by several multiples. We discuss the potential economic, environmental and social impacts of the policy, as assessed by European transport experts. We find that the approach can deliver significant transport emission reductions in an effective and economically efficient manner. Through the appropriate design of national allocation rules and a gradual phasing in of cap and surrender, potential negative social consequences can be mitigated, and public acceptance of the policy promoted.