Fundamental frequency peak delay in Mandarin.
Fundamental frequency peak delay in Mandarin.
复制标题
普通话的基频峰值延迟。
作者：
Xu,Y
基频（Fundamental Frequency，F）峰值延迟（peak delay）是指F峰值有时出现在音节之后的现象。虽然有报告说，各种语文都出现了高峰延迟，但其发生机制迄今仍不清楚。在普通话中，已经发现峰值延迟有规律地发生在升调（R），而不是在高音（H）。本研究探讨了潜在的机制，峰值延迟通过检查其与音调，音调上下文和语速的关系。本文用实验的方法研究了汉语H调在带H的音节缩短到一定程度后，其峰值延迟的可能性。以普通话为母语的人记录了三种类型的句子，每种句子都包含H，R或减弱的H音。这些句子是在三种语速下产生的：正常、快和慢。对F_（max）曲线和峰值排列的分析表明，在正常语速时，R调和弱H调的峰值延迟都有规律地出现，但H调只是偶尔出现，在慢速语速时，R调仍有规律地出现峰值延迟，但弱H调只是偶尔出现，H调很少出现;在快语速时，不仅R调和弱H调有规律地出现峰值延迟，而且H调也经常出现峰值延迟。F_∞轮廓对齐分析的结果表明，当F_∞在接近音节结尾处急剧上升时，不管上升的原因如何，都会出现峰值延迟。本研究的发现支持了这样一种观点，即普通话中音高轮廓的形状和排列的变化主要是由于音高目标与音调背景和发音限制的相互作用，而不是由于基本音高单位和音段单位之间的实际错位。
Fundamental frequency (F₀) peak delay (henceforth peak delay) refers to the phenomenon that an F₀ peak sometimes occurs after the syllable it is associated with either lexically or prosodically. Although peak delay has been reported for various languages, the mechanism of its occurrence has so far remained unclear. In Mandarin, peak delay has been found to occur regularly in the rising (R) tone but not in the high (H) tone. The present study investigates the underlying mechanisms of peak delay by examining its relationship with tone, tonal context, and speech rate. An experiment was conducted to test the possibility that peak delay may occur also in the H tone in Mandarin if the H-carrying syllable is sufficiently shortened. Native speakers of Mandarin Chinese recorded three types of sentences each containing a H, a R, or a weakened H tone. The sentences were produced at three speech rates: normal, fast and slow. Analysis of F₀ contours and peak alignment revealed that at normal speech rate, peak delay occurred regularly in both the R and weakened H tones but only occasionally in the H tone; at slow speech rate, peak delay continued to occur regularly in the R tone but only occasionally in weakened H and rarely in the H tone; at fast speech rate, peak delay occurred not only regularly in the R and weakened H tones, but also frequently in the H tone. Results of F₀ contour alignment analysis indicate that peak delay occurs when there is a sharp F₀ rise near the end of a syllable, regardless of the cause of the rise. The finding of this study provides support for the view that, rather than due to actual misalignment between underlying pitch units and segmental units, much of the variability in the shape and alignment of F₀ contours in Mandarin is attributable to the interaction of underlying pitch targets with tonal contexts and articulatory constraints.