Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulfate, and Ethanol in Urine after Intensive Exposure to High Ethanol Content Mouthwash
Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulfate, and Ethanol in Urine after Intensive Exposure to High Ethanol Content Mouthwash
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DOI：
10.1093/anatox/35.5.264
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发表时间：
2011-06-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Bertholf, Roger L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Reisfield, Gary M.;Goldberger, Bruce A.;Bertholf, Roger L.
为了确定大量使用高乙醇含量漱口水后乙醇吸收的程度及其结合代谢物的形成和尿排泄，10名受试者每天用李施德林防腐剂漱口4次，持续31/4天。在4个研究日的每个研究日采集第一次晨尿标本，并在研究最后一次漱口后2、4和6 h采集漱口后标本。测量尿乙醇、乙基葡糖苷酸（EtG）、硫酸乙酯（EtS）和肌酐。所有尿液样本中的乙醇均低于20 mg/dL的阳性阈值。在所有研究前尿液样本中均未检出EtG，但两份研究前样本可检出EtS（6和82 ng/mL; 16和83 μ g/g肌酐）。只有一个标本含有可检测的EtG（173 ng/ml; 117 μ g/g肌酐）。在7名研究受试者的尿液中检测到EtS，但在可检测到EtG的单个标本中未检测到EtS。最大EtS浓度分别为104 ng/mL和112 μ g/g肌酐（在不同受试者中）。3名受试者共产生8个（非基线）尿EtS浓度高于50 ng/mL或50 μ g/g肌酐，3个EtS浓度超过100 ng/mL或100 μ g/g肌酐。在通过尿EtG和EtS浓度监测乙醇使用的患者中，目前接受的EtG和EtS临界值为500 ng/mL，足以区分乙醇消耗和每日使用4次高乙醇含量漱口水。
To determine the degree of ethanol absorption and the resultant formation and urinary excretion of its conjugated metabolites following intensive use of high ethanol content mouthwash, 10 subjects gargled with Listerine antiseptic 4 times daily for 31/4 days. First morning void urine specimens were collected on each of the four study days and post-gargle specimens were collected at 2, 4, and 6 h after the final gargle of the study. Urine ethanol, ethyl glucuronide (EtG), ethyl sulfate (EtS), and creatinine were measured. Ethanol was below the positive threshold of 20 mg/dL in all of the urine specimens. EtG was undetectable in all pre-study urine specimens, but two pre-study specimens had detectable EtS (6 and 82 ng/mL; 16 and 83 mu g/g creatinine). Only one specimen contained detectable EtG (173 ng/ml; 117 mu g/g creatinine). EtS was detected in the urine of seven study subjects, but was not detected in the single specimen that had detectable EtG. The maximum EtS concentrations were 104 ng/mL and 112 mu g/g creatinine (in different subjects). Three subjects produced a total of eight (non-baseline) urinary EtS concentrations above 50 ng/mL or 50 mu g/g creatinine and three EtS concentrations exceeding 100 ng/mL or 100 mu g/g creatinine. In patients being monitored for ethanol use by urinary EtG and EtS concentrations, currently accepted EtG and EtS cutoffs of 500 ng/mL are adequate to distinguish between ethanol consumption and four times daily use of high ethanol content mouthwash.