Biomass fuels and respiratory diseases: a review of the evidence.
Biomass fuels and respiratory diseases: a review of the evidence.
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DOI：
10.1513/pats.200707-100rp
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发表时间：
2008-07-15
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Viegi, Giovanni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Torres-Duque, Carlos;Maldonado, Dario;Viegi, Giovanni
在全球范围内，约 50% 的家庭和 90% 的农村家庭使用固体燃料（煤炭和生物质）作为主要的国内能源，从而使世界约 50% 的人口（近 30 亿人）受到这些燃烧产物的有害影响。有强有力的证据表明，儿童急性呼吸道感染和女性慢性阻塞性肺疾病与室内生物质烟雾有关。女性肺癌显然与家庭煤炭使用有关。其他疾病，例如男性慢性阻塞性肺病和结核病也可能与此相关，但证据很少。据世界卫生组织估计，超过 160 万人死亡和超过 3850 万伤残调整生命年可归因于固体燃料产生的室内烟雾，主要影响儿童和妇女。抑制或减少室内暴露的干预措施包括改变行为、改善家庭通风、改进炉灶，以及最重要的是转向使用更好、更清洁的燃料。这些变化面临个人和当地的信仰以及经济和社会文化条件。此外，燃料的选择应考虑成本、可持续性和环境保护。因此，复杂的解决方案需要因地制宜，并需要政府、科学协会、非政府组织和广大社区的承诺和积极参与。
Globally, about 50% of all households and 90% of rural households use solid fuels (coal and biomass) as the main domestic source of energy, thus exposing approximately 50% of the world population-close to 3 billion people-to the harmful effects of these combustion products. There is strong evidence that acute respiratory infections in children and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in women are associated with indoor biomass smoke. Lung cancer in women has been clearly associated with household coal use. Other conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in men and tuberculosis could be also associated but evidence is scarce. According to estimates of the World Health Organization, more than 1.6 million deaths and over 38.5 million disability-adjusted life-years can be attributable to indoor smoke from solid fuels affecting mainly children and women. Interventions to suppress or reduce indoor exposure include behavior changes, improvements of household ventilation, improvements of stoves, and, outstandingly, transitions to better and cleaner fuels. These changes face personal and local beliefs and economic and sociocultural conditions. In addition, selection of fuels should consider cost, sustainability, and protection of the environment. Consequently, complex solutions need to be locally adapted, and involve the commitment and active participation of governments, scientific societies, nongovernmental organizations, and the general community.